ALL ABOUT MP

Madhya Pradesh "The heart of Incredible INDIA"

 The geographical position of a country or a state goes a long way in impacting the course of historical events and also its economic development. It also influences the outlook of its citizens and their behavior. Madhya Pradesh occupying geographical the central position in the country, is veritably the heart of India.

On account of its central position, all historical currents had apparently passed through this region, leaving conspicuous marks on it. The prehistoric period begins with the stone age, which the sites such as Bhimbetka, Adamgarh, Jaora, Raisen, Pachmarhi, etc. stand witness to. However the dynastic history begins with the time of Ashoka, the great Buddhist emperor whose Mauryan empire was powerful in Malwa and Avanti. King Ashoka's wife is said to be from Vidisha, a town located north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya Empire declined after death of Ashoka and central India was contested among the Shungas, Kushanas, Satvahanas and local dynasties during 3rd to 1st centuries BC. In the 1st century BC, Ujjain was the predominant commercial centre. This area became part of northern India during Gupta empire in 4th 6th centuries AD, the era known as classical age. Onslaughts of Huna brought about the collapse of Gupta Empire resulting in its disintegration into smaller states. However, a king Yasodharman of Malwa defeated the Hunas in 528 AD ending their expansion. Later Harsa of Thaneshwar reunited northern India till 647 AD before his death. In the medieval period Rajput, clans like Paramaras of Malwa and Chandelas of Bundelkhand dominated the region during 950-1060 AD. The paramara king Raja Bhoj, who gave the name to city of Bhopal, ruled over Indore and Dhar. Gond Kingdoms emerged in Gondwana and Mahakoshal. In the 13th century, northern Madhya Pradesh was conquered by the Delhi Sultanate which collapsed in 14th century giving emergence to regional kingdoms like Tomars of Gwalior and Muslim Sultanate of Malwa with its capital at Mandu.

During the period of 1156-1605, most of the area of present Madhya Pradesh came under Mughal Empire while Gondwana and Mahakoshal remained under Gond control who acknowledged Mughal supremacy, but enjoyed virtual autonomy. Mughal control began to weakened after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, as a result the Marathas began to expand and between 1720-1760 these took control over most of Madhya Pradesh. Holkars ruled much of Malwa based at Indore, Scindias at Gwalior and Bhonsales at Nagpur controlled Mahakoshal, Gondwana as well as Vidarbha in Maharashtra. At the same time, Bhopal was ruled by a Muslim dynasty who descended from Afghan General Dost Mohammed Khan. In course of time, the British expanded their dominion from their strongholds in Bengal, Bombay and Madras, they defeated the Marathas between 1775-1818 and entered into treaty relationships with their states and established paramountcy over them. Most of Madhya Pradesh, including the large states of Indore, Bhopal, Nagpur, Rewa and a number of small states came under British Empire. In 1853, the British annexed the state of Nagpur which included south- eastern Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra and most of Chhattisgarh which were combined with Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form Central Province in 1861.The princely states of northern Madhya Pradesh were governed by the Central India Agency.

Independence of India in 1947 was followed by the merger of hundreds of princely states into the Union with the formation of the Republic of India on 26th January, 1950. The boundaries were rationalised with the reorganisation of states. In 1950, Madhya Pradesh was created from former British Central Provinces and Berar, princely states of Makarai and Chhattisgarh and Nagpur as the capital. The new states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were formed out of Central India Agency. In 1956, as a result of reorganisation of states, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh, some districts of erstwhile CP and Berar were transferred to Maharashtra and some minor adjustments were made with Rajasthan, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. Then Bhopal became the new capital of the state. Initially, the state had 43 districts. Subsequently, two large districts were bifurcated in the year 1972, Bhopal was carved out from Sehore and Rajnandgaon from Durg; the total number being 45. In the year 1998, 16 more districts were carved out from larger districts and the number of districts became 61.In November 2000, the south-eastern portion of the state was split to form a new State of Chhattisgarh. Thus, the present Madhya Pradesh State came into existence, the 2nd largest state in the country, spread over a geographical area of about 308 lakh Ha

TOPOGRAPHY

Madhya Pradesh, with an area of 3, 08, 000 sq.km. is the second largest state in India after Rajasthan. It is a part of peninsular plateau of India lying in north central part, whose boundary can be classified in the north by the plains of Ganga-Yamuna, in the west by the Aravali, east by the Chhattisgarh plain and in the south by the Tapti valley and the plateau of Maharashtra.

The topography of Madhya Pradesh is defined by the Narmada Sone Valley. It is a narrow and long valley extending through almost the whole of the state from east to west. Sone valley forms the upper part; Shahdol and Sidhi districts lie in this valley. The lower part forms the Narmada valley. It has an average elevation of 300 m above MSL and is covered with alluvial soil. Jabalpur, Mandla, Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Raisen, Khandwa, Khargone and Barwani districts lie in this region. The Sone valley is narrower than Narmada valley and alluvial deposit is also comparatively poor and thin, therefore Narmada valley is more important than Sone valley for agricultural activities. To the north of this valley lie the Central Highlands, to the south the Satpura-Maikal ranges and to the south-east, the eastern plateau. These three form the natural physiographic regions-into which the state is divided. The Central Highlands are spread between the Narmada-Sone valley and the Aravali ranges to the west in a triangular form. The highlands slope towards the north and drain into the Yamuna. The central highlands region in the state includes the following four uplands:

The Rewa-Panna plateau is one, also known as the Vindhyan plateau, lies in the north- eastern part of the central highlands. The main rivers flowing in the area are Ken, Sonar, Barna and Tons. Rewa, Panna, Satna, Damoh and Sagar districts lie in this region.The other is Bundelkhand plateau located to the north-west of the Rewa-Panna plateau. Datia, Chhatarpur, Panna, Tikamgarh and parts of Guna and Shivpuri districts forming the northern part of the state lie in this region. The plateau is bounded in north-east by Vindhyan escarp lands or Rewa-Panna plateau. The average height of the region is 350-450 m above MSL and general slope is towards north. The main rivers flowing in the area are Betwa, Dhasan and Jamner which finally join Yamuna.

Central India plateau is the third that lies to west of Bundelkhand plateau. Shivpuri, Morena and Gwalior districts exist in this region. This plateau has an average elevation of 450 m on highlands and 150-450 m above MSL in valleys. Chambal, Kali Sindh and Parvati are the main rivers flowing in this area. The fourth Malwa plateau covers almost the entire western Madhya Pradesh. The plateau is bounded in the north by Chambal and in south by the Narmada. The average elevation ranges between 300-500 m above MSL. Shajapur, Dewas, Indore, Ujjain, Dhar, Ratlam and parts of Sehore and Jhabua districts lie in this region. Bhopal is situated at the eastern edge of the Malwa plateau. Shipra, Parvati, Kali Sindh, Gambhir and Chambal rivers flow through the Malwa plateau. It also forms the water divide between the Ganga and the Narmada basin. The soil in the area is black cotton as a result of weathering of basalts.

Satpura-Maikal ranges lie to the south and the eastern plateau regions to the north- east of the Narmada - Sone valley. Chhindwara, Betul, Seoni, Balaghat, Mandla and parts of Khandwa and Khargone districts lie in the Satpura-Maikal ranges. Average height of these ranges is 300 m ; but there are several high peaks; the highest peak of the state, Dhoopgarh that rises to 1360 m above msl lies in these ranges. The slope is sharp in south face and gentle on northern side.

The eastern part, the Satpuras, is wider than the western part which stretches in the form of a semi-circle and is known as the Maikal ranges. The Maikal ranges include the Amarkantak plateau, which is origin of both Narmada and Sone rivers. The other rivers in the area are Johila, Macherwa, Denwa and Choti Tawa which join the Narmada.

The eastern plateau region comprises Baghelkhand Plateau lying between Maikal ranges and Chhattisgarh plain area with an elevation of 1033 m above MSL.

CLIMATE

Like other parts of India, Madhya Pradesh also has three major seasons - Summer Monsoon and Winter. During summer (March-June), the temperature in the entire state ranges above 29.4°C. In general, the eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh are hotter than the western parts. The regions like Gwalior, Morena and Datia record temperature of over 42°C in the month of May. The humidity is relatively very low and the region usually experiences frequent mild dust storms. The south-west Monsoon usually breaks out in mid June and the entire state receive a major share of its rainfall between June and September. The south and south-east regions tend to experience a higher rainfall whereas the parts of north-west receive less. Mandla, Balaghat, Sidhi, Jabalpur and other extreme eastern parts receive more than 150 cm rainfall. The districts of western Madhya Pradesh receive less than 80 cm rainfall.

The winter season starts from the month of November. The temperature remains low in the northern parts of the state in comparison to the southern parts. The daily maximum temperature in most of the northern part in the month of January remains between 15 and 18°C. The climate is generally dry and pleasant with a clear sky.

PEOPLE

The population of Madhya Pradesh is over 7 crore. More than 75% of the population resides in villages whose main occupation is agriculture, while the rest of the population lives in towns. The majority population is Hindu with Muslims making up the largest minority community. The tribes of Madhya Pradesh constitute over 20 % of the state's population and are mainly concentrated in southern southwestern and eastern parts of the state. The social customs prevalent among different tribes and castes vary more due to variation in their habitat and surrounding geographical conditions. For earnings they depend upon agriculture, forest produce and local craft. With improved communication and growth in the economy, the tribal's way of living is changing.

Baigas believe themselves to be descendents of Dravid and this tribe is found in Mandla, Balaghat, Shahdol and Sidhi districts. Saharia inhabit north-west area mainly in the districts of Gwalior, Shivpuri, Bhind, Morena, Sheopur, Vidisha and Raisen. Most Saharias are cultivators. Bharia tribe has major concentration in Jabalpur and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh. The place Patalkot in Chhindwara has almost 90% population of Bharias. They work as agriculture labourers and work upon bamboo to create beautiful baskets and other items.

Gond is the best known tribe and forms the largest group in Madhya Pradesh. They mainly inhabit areas on both sides of Narmada in Mandla, Chhindwara, Betul and Seoni regions and the hilly terrains of Vindhya and Satpura regions. Agaria, Pradhan, Ojhan, Solahas are the descendant tribal groups originating from Gonds, with two sub-castes - Rajgond and Datoliya.

Bhil, the second largest tribe, is largely concentrated in areas around Jhabua, Khargone, Dhar and Ratlam. They are regarded as warrior with fine inherited guerrilla tactics and archery skills. Korku tribal community is administered by the head of a panchayat called Sarpanch and they are found in Hoshangabad, Betul, Chhindwara, Harda and Khandwa districts of Madhya Pradesh. Santia is a tribe of Malwa, who believe themselves to be originally a martial Rajput tribe. They prefer to remain nomadic. Mainly of labour class, Kols are found in Rewa, Sidhi, Satna, Shahdol and Jabalpur districts. This caste finds mention even in ancient puranas and the famous epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata and they are highly religious minded and staunch believer of Hindu mythology. Lesser known tribes like Dhanuk, Panika, Saur still form an important group.

LANGUAGES

Hindi, the official language of Madhya Pradesh, is the most widely spoken and easily understood even in remote corners of the state. For a large number of people in the major towns and cities and for the business class English is the second language. It is widely spoken by those engaged in the hospitality and service industry. One would see words of English and Hindi both used on signages, milestones, shops and offices signboards. Malwi, Bundeli, Bagheli, Nimari are the commonly spoken regional dialects. There are several dialects which are spoken.

ECONOMY

Madhya Pradesh, India's second largest state, which occupies 9.38% of the country's area, is also the second richest state in terms of its mineral resources. Primarily, it has an agricultural and pastoral economy. Industrial development is primarily concentrated in the more advance districts like Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior and Jabalpur.

A large part of the mineral production of India is contributed by Madhya Pradesh. Big reserves of Manganese are found in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts. The state also produces about 45% of Bauxite in India with Jabalpur, Mandla, Shahdol, Satna and Rewa being the important Bauxite producing centers. Iron ore deposits are found in Balaghat, Jabalpur and Mandla districts. The State of Madhya Pradesh also has rich reserves of coal in the northeastern and Satpura regions. The state has the distinction of being the only diamonds producing state in India, with production in Panna and Chhatishgarh districts.

Over 30% of the State's total area is enveloped by the forest. The eastern districts of Balaghat, Mandla, Shahdol, Sidhi have dense forest cover. The abundantly found trees include Teak, Sal, Bamboo and Tendu. Agriculture is the main occupation of villagers, Wheat, Soybean and Jowar (Sorghum) are the main Crops. Paddy and Coarse Millets are also sown in large parts. Pulses, Cereals and Groundnut are also grown. Important among the cash crops are Cotton, Sugarcane and Oil Seeds. Mandsaur is the largest opium producing district in the country.

The irrigation of land is mostly dependent on major rivers like Narmada, Chambal, Tapti, Betwa, Sone, Shipra, Kali Sindh and Tava. The Chambal valley and the Narmada valley offer good potential for hydroelectric power generation. Besides Thermal and Hydro power generation, numerous other conventional and non-conventional power projects are in place or in the stages of progress. Road density is increasing continuously with present road length being over 80 thousand kms. Communications are well developed.

Rail route connecting different parts of India passes through Madhya Pradesh. Major airports link all major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Varanasi, Nagpur, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai etc. Telephone and cellular service provider BSNL and other private operators are operational; internet access is easy across the state. The big industries are mostly in districts of Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior and Jabalpur. Cement, sugar, paper, textile, steel, soya, vehicles and medicine are the major industries today. BHEL in Bhopal, Government Ordnance Factory Jabalpur, Currency Printing Press at Dewas, Alkaloid Factory at Neemuch, Rail Coach Factory Bhopal are notable Central Government managed organisations. Mineral development, industries based on agricultural and forest produce continue to be the mainstay of industrial production in the state.

Madhya Pradesh has enormous potential and resources to become a major tourism destination. Numerous monuments of historical, archaeological, architectural and pilgrimage importance dot the state. The forests are teeming with all kinds of wildlife. Because of its central location and easy accessibility, tourism is becoming a major attraction.

Fairs and Festivals

Fairs can be called the panorama of culture of Madhya Pradesh and its colour ful life style. Economically, socially and culturally, these fairs show a unique and rare combination which is not found elsewhere.

The maximum number of fairs, if we look at them district wise numbering 227 are held in Ujjain district and the lowest number i.e., 13 fairs only are held in Hoshangabad district. Most of the fairs are held during the months of March, April and May when the farmers have less work to do in the fields. June, July, August and September are the lazy months for the fairs as the farmers are busy during the rainy season.

Here is a brief information about some of these fairs:

SIMHASTHA

Kumbha in Ujjain known as Simhastha, is a grand and one of the holiest fairs of the country. It has got very high religious values and is held here in a cycle of every twelve years when Jupiter enters the Leo sign of the zodiac known as Simha Rashi. On the bank of the holy river Kshipra, Simhastha is held with all its grand paraphernalia and millions of people from whole of the world gather here for their spiritual elevation. In fact, apart from its importance, in terms of being the venue for Simhastha, the ancient city Ujjain enjoys the reputation of having one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of India. The city takes pride in being a great seat of learning when Lord Krishna and his friend Sudama were taught by Guru Sandipani Rishi here. It is also a land of the great poet Kalidas and the saints like Sandipani and Bhartrihari.

AALAMI TABLEEGI IJTIMA

This three-day congregation is considered among the most important religious occasions celebrated in Bhopal. Ijtima is held every year and is accompanied by a fair. When the event takes place, a gust of spirituality prevails over the city and Muslims from all over the globe in 'Jamaats' (group of Devotees) descend here. 'Jamaatis' from the countries like Russia, Kazakhstan, France, Indonesia, Malaysia, Zambia, South Africa, Kenya, Iraq, Saudi Arab, Yemen, Ethiopia, Somalia, Turkey, Thailand and Sri Lanka arrive here to camp for three days and listen to the holy sermons of Islamic scholars on how to lead conscientious and upright life by following good values. The event also holds special religious discourses for intellectuals, students, traders, farmers etc. with underlying message of universal brotherhood.

This conclave is considered to be one of the largest religious congregations in the world and disseminates spiritual messages, which are relevant to not just the Muslims but for all communities.

FAIR OF RAMLILA

This fair is organised in the Bhander Tehsil of Gwalior district. It is more than 100 years old. January-February are the months reserved for it.

FAIR OF HIRA BHUMIA

The name of Hiraman Baba is famous in Gwalior, Guna and nearby areas. It is believed that Hiraman Baba's blessings remove the barrenness of women. This fair is held in the months of August and September in the entire region as Hira Bhumia fairs.

FAIR OF PIR BUDHAN

More than 250 years old, this fair is held in Sanwara of Shivpuri district near the tomb of the Muslim saint Pir Budhan. The time for holding this fair is in August-September.

FAIR OF NAGAJI

In November – December, this fair is organised in the memory of Nagaji saint who lived during the period of Akbar. It is held in the Porsa village of Morena district for about a month. Previously, monkeys were sold here but now other domestic animals have also been added to them.

FAIR OF TETAJI

Tetaji was a truthful man. It is said, that he had been given the power to remove the snake venom from the body. This fair is held on the birthday of Tetaji for the last 70 years in the Bhamavad village of Guna district.

FAIR OF JAGESHWARI DEVI

This fair is held in Chanderi of Guna district since time immemorial. There is an anecdote that the ruler of Chanderi was a devotee of Jageshwari Devi. He had leprosy. Devi asked him to come to a place after 15 days. But Raja arrived there on the third day only. At that time only the head of Devi appeared. His leprosy was cured and from that day this fair started.

AMARKANTAK SHIVRATRI FAIR

At the origin of river Narmada in Amarkantak of Shahdol district, a fair is held during the Shivratri day for the last eighty years.

FAIR OF MAHAMRITYUNJAY

There is a temple of Mahamrityunjay in Rewa where fairs are held every year on Basant Panchami and Shivratri.

FAIR OF CHANDI DEVI

At Ghoghara village in Sidhi district is a temple of Chandi Devi who is believed to be the incarnation of goddess Parvati. This fair is held during March-April.

URS OF BABA SHAHABUDDIN AULIA

In February at Neemuch of Mandsaur district, this Urs is celebrated for 4 days. There is the shrine of Baba Shahabuddin.

FAIR OF KALUJI MAHARAJ

This fair is held for a month in Pipalyakhurd of West Nimar. It is said that some 200 years ago Kaluji Maharaj used to cure the diseases of human beings and animals by his power.

FAIR OF SINGAJI

Singaji was an esoteric man and was respected as a deity. This fair is held for a week in August-September in Pipalya village of West Nimar.

DHAMONI URS

This fair is held in April-May at Dhamoni in Sagar district on the shrine of Mastan Shah Vali.

FAIR OF BARMAN

This 13 days fair starts from Makar Sankranti in Gadarwara of Narsinghpur district.

FAIR OF MATH GHOGHARA

This 15 days fair is held in Bhaironthan of Seoni district on Shivratri. A natural lake and a cave beautify this place.

Khajuraho Festival of Dances

The world renowned temple town of Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site for its archaeological and historical monuments, draws crowds from India and abroad to a culturally enriched show of classical dances in the months of February-March. An internationally recognized festival of classical dances, Khajuraho dance festival in the city known for the fabulous architecture of its temples built by Chandelas is an attempt by the organiser Madhya Pradesh Kala Parishad, to contribute towards promotion of cultural heritage of the nation.

The exponents of the popular classical dance forms are invited from every part of the country to perform during this week long festival. Classical Indian dance forms like Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Bharatnatyam, Manipuri, Mohiniattam are performed by outstanding exponents. The strength of tradition and spirituality gives the performance an unusual and attractive appeal. Classical Hindustani music is used for accompaniment in most of these dance forms. It is considered to be a privilege by the exponents of classical Indian dancers to perform during the Khajuraho Dance Festival.

LOKRANG FESTIVAL

The five day long festival of Lokrang in Bhopal begins every year on 26th January, the Republic day. It is a cultural exposition organised by Madhya Pradesh Adivasi Lok Kala Academy. The efforts are to bring the performing and creative aspects of the culture of folk and tribal people from the entire nation. The main features of the Lokrang are folk and tribal dances, classical dances, performing art forms. Exhibitions and presentations from abroad are also a big draw.

LOKRANJAN FESTIVAL

Organised by Madhya Pradesh Tourism Department, Lokranjan is a national festival of folk dances held at Khajuraho every year. The activities include presentation of popular folk and tribal dance forms from various parts of India and a craft bazaar to exhibit and demonstrate the creations of the traditional artisans. This festival in the heritage city of Khajuraho is a magnificent spectacle, as it unveils the majesty and grandeur of a world famed temple site and provides an opportunity to catch up the colour and creativity of the tribal and rural life style.

Madhya Pradesh like any other part of India offers a panorama of folk dances that are performed before deities and are related to various rituals. All traditional dances, throughout all ages have been a pious act of faith. 'Lokranjan' - an annual dance festival at Khajuraho organised by Madhya Pradesh Tourism Department and Madhya Pradesh Adivasi Lok Kala Academy is a platform to present a number of popular folk and tribal dance forms of Madhya Pradesh and other parts of India.

When the lively and spontaneous dance of the Bundelkhand region takes centre stage, the atmosphere comes alive and one is swept away by the rhythm of Madhya Pradesh. Mridang beater initiates the pace of movements giving the dance a vigorous character. The dance per formance is intermittently dotted with prose or poetic dialogues called Swang. It is a unique synthesis of a dancer's choreographed graceful movements accentuated by the melody and music of the accompanying folk lore and the instrument With the increasing beat, the pace increases and swaying of dancers body leaves the viewers spellbound. This dance form is not particular to any season or occasion, but is considered to be an art of enjoyment and entertainment.

The Rai dance of Baghelkhand is performed by a man disguised as a woman to the accompaniment of the musical instruments dholak and nagara. It is performed by the women of the Ahir community of Baghelkhand and this is particular to the occasion of birth of a child in Vaishya community. The dancers dressed in their traditional attire and bejewelled sway gently to convey the spirit of the auspicious occasion.

MATKI

This is a community dance of the Malwa, Matki is performed by the women on various occasions. The dancers move rhythmically to the beating of a drum, locally called Matki. Initiated by a lone woman locally called Jhela, others join dressed intheir traditional Malwi wardrobe and with a veil covering their faces. The graceful hand movements and steps of the participants create a stunning effect.

GANGAUR

This dance is performed mainly during the nine days of Gangaur festival, the associated rituals have a number of dance and song sequences to it. Dance form performed on the occasion of Gangaur in Nimar region is a devotional form in honour of their deity Ranubai and Dhaniyer Suryadev.

BADHAI

Popular on the occasions of the birth, marriage and festivals in the Bundelkhand region is Badhai. Men and women dance vigorously to the tunes of accompanying musical instruments . The dancers accentuate supple and acrobats like movements and their colourful attire leaves the viewers simply amazed.

BAREDI

Baredi dance is performed during the period starting the festival of Diwali till the day of Poornima. One of Madhya Pradesh's most stunning performances, the dancers in a group of colourfully dressed 8-10 young men are choreographed by a head male performer. Usually, a two line devotional poetry form called Diwari proceeds the dance performance.

NAURATA

This dance has a special significance to the unmarried girls in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Naurata dance is performed by the would be brides to invoke the God seeking a good match and conjugal bliss. The nine day festivities during the period of navratri are marked by creating Naurata intricated designs outside the house made from lime and various colours.

AHIRAI

The major traditional dances of Bharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh are Bharam, Setam, Saila and Ahirai. The most popular dance form of Bharia tribe is performed on the occasion of marriage. Drums and timki (a pair of brass metal platter) are the two musical instruments used as accompaniment to this group dance performance. The group of musicians whirl in a circle and with the rising crescendo of the drums and timki, the pace of hand movements and the steps of the dancers within the circle reaches a climax after which the beating of drums, the rhythmical sound of the timki and the swaying of the dancers stop. After a brief stop, the performers continue to entertain and the dance continues all through the night.

BHAGORIA

Quaint rhythms conjure up the tribal cultural identity of the Baiga tribe of Madhya Pradesh through Dussehra and Dadariya dance. The start of Dussehra festival resounds with the gaeity of traditional folk songs and dances of Baiga. On the occasion of Dussehra festival eligible a festival eligible males of the Baiga community from one village visit another village, where they are traditionally welcomed by the village young girls with their singing and performance of Dadariya dance. They have an interesting custom which allows a Baiga girl to select the young male of her choice from the visiting lot and marry him. This song and dance form seems to be inspired by this custom. The atmosphere comes alive and one is swept away by the nuances and rhythm of this land .

The other form of dance popular among the Baiga community is Pardhauni. Performed mainly to welcome and entertain bridegroom's party, the dance is primarily to convey happiness and the spirit of the auspicious occasion.

Some other well known tribal forms of dances are Karma and Saili (Gonds), Bhagoria (Bhils), Lehangi (Saharias) and Thaapti (Kokru). Other cultural groups have some or the other dance forms of their own.

 Folk Songs

The history of a country is told in its popular songs. Madhya Pradesh offers a real feasts to the aficionados of traditional music. Folk songs narrate stories of sacrifice, duty, love and chivalry using characteristic style of singing. The folklore of Dhola Maru, originally from Rajasthan, is popular in Malwa, Nimar and Bundelkhand region and people belonging to these regions sing about Dhola Maru's love, separation and reunion in their own distinct folk style.

It is not at all unusual to see women folk singing practically on every ceremonial occasion and even on death in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh.

Beats of Chang and Dhaf whip up the competitive fervour of the kalgiturra form of folk singing, popular in Mandla, Malwa, Bundelkhand and Nimar regions. The songs are composed with accounts ranging from the Mahabharata and the Puranas to the current affairs and the opposing parties sing all through the night to outsmart each other. This traditional form of singing has its origin dating back to the reign of the Chanderi King Shishupal. Songs composed by saints like Singaji, Kabir, Meera, Dadu are part of the folk repertoire of Nimar region popularly known as the Nirguni style of singing. The singing is usually accompanied with an Ektara and a Khartaal (a music instrument with small metal jinglers attached to wooden planks). The other very popular form of folk singing in Nimar, Phag which is sung with the accompaniment of Dhaf and Chang during the festive season of Holi. These songs have a very strong romantic fervour.

The Navratri festival celebrated in Nimar with the performance of popular folk dance, Garba accompanied by Garba songs devoted to goddess Shakti. Garba form is traditionally performed by men and is an integral part of the Nimari folk dance and drama. The singing is accompanied with a mridang (a form of drum). Gavlan are the songs sung during Raslila. The most popular form of singing among the Nath community of the Malwa region is a recitation of Bhartrihari folk lore. The hymns composed by the noble king Bhartrihari and saints like Kabir, Meera, Gorakh and Gopichand are accompanied by the musical instrument locally called Chinkara (a form of sarangi with string made of horse hair, main body made of bamboo and the bow made from a coconut shell). It emits a unique sound.

Songs sung by the young girls in group, of the Malwa region, Sanjha is a traditional melodious and haunting form of folk music. Idols of Sanja made from cowdung and decorated with leafs and flowers are worshipped by the girls during the evening hours along with singing of sanja songs to invoke prosperity and happiness.

On the 18th day, the festivities culminate with bidding farewell to their companion sanja. As the monsoon rains have quenched the thirsty earth, swings are sprouted from the trees and it is a treat to hear Hid songs of Malwa region. Singing of Hid is marked by full throated voice of the artist and a classical style of aalap. The form of singing common to Malwa region during monsoon season is Barsati Barta. Bundelkhand region is the land of warriors. The Alhait community of Bundelkhand had composed songs to inspire the warriors with accounts of heroic deeds of Alah Udul. The tales of heroism, honour, valour and chivalry of Alah Udul as demonstrated in the 52 wars fought by him are traditionally sung during the period of rainy season by people of this region. The music instruments that accompany are dholak (a small version of the drum played on both sides with hands) and nagara (consists of two drums made of metal iron, copper, with the open face of the hollow pots spread with buffalo skin which is traditionally beaten with wooden sticks).

There are songs that relate to festivities on Holi, Thakur, Isuri and Rai Phag. Dewari form of songs accompanied to the tunes of dholak, nagara and flute is sung on the occasion of festival of Diwali. Bumbulia songs are rendered on the festival occasions of Shrivaratri, Basant Panchmi and Makar Sankranti. The style of singing folk songs of the Baghelkhand region is distinct from other regions of Madhya Pradesh. The voices of both the male and the female are strong and powerful. There is a marked richness and diversity in songs and this also reflects the unique culture and heritage of the region. The theme of the songs is quite diverse and is created around various subjects.

Basdeva is a traditional community of singers based in the Baghelkhand region, who sing about the legendary son Sharavan Kumar using a sarangi and chutki paijan. They are identified by their yellow wardrobe and carry an idol of Lord Krishna on their head. Songs are rendered by a pair of singers. Compositions from the Ramayan and the tales of K arna, Moradhwaj, Gopchand, Bhartrihari, Bhole baba are the other common subjects of Basdeva songs. Birha and Bidesiya are two other important styles of singing that capture the mood of singers in Baghelkhand. Bidesiya songs relate to the theme of love, separation and reunion with the beloved. The Bidesiya song implores the loved one to return early. Phag songs sung during the festival season of Holi express the abundance of spring season and expression of inter personal relationships. Beats of nagara whip up the charged spirits of the group of singers.

Legends of Yore

o   Tansen: An exponent of Indian Classical music. One of the Nav Ratnas in the court of Akbar belonged to Gwalior.

o   Raja Chhatrasal: For over half a century, Raja Chhatrasal carried on a ceaseless struggle and was ultimately able to free Bundelkhand from Mughal yoke.

o   Rani Ahilya Bai: Maharani of Maheshwar, a social reformer and noted administrator, famous for building beautiful ghats.

o   Rani Durgawati: A Chandela Princess of Mandla married to King Dalpat Shah of Gondwana. Ruled over Gondwana for 16 years with wisdom and foresight. She is paid glowing tributes for her beauty, courage and bravery.

o   Rani Lakshmi Bai: Queen of Jhansi, fought the crucial and final battle at Gwalior against the British during the 1857 War of Independence. She died fighting, on the foot of the Gwalior Fort.

o   Chandra Shekhar Azad: Born at Jhabua, Chandra Shekar Azad was the epitome of revolutionary activities against British Government  and was involved practically in every revolutionary activity between 1926 and 1931.

o   Tantiya Bhil: After the great revolution of 1857, Tantiya Bhil of West Nimar, symbolised fight for independence  from the British.

o   Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla: First Chief Minister of undivided Madhya Pradesh.

o   Shankar Dayal Sharma: Ninth President of India and a scholar and educationist.

o   Vijaya Raje Scindia: Maharani of Royal Scindia family of Gwalior, noted political leader and social worker.

o   Kushabhau Thakre: An ardent social reformist, a man of principles and the statesman among the political leaders of Madhya Pradesh.

o   Ustad Allauddin Khan: A maestro of classical music and revered as one among all time greats. A great Guru, Sarod player setlled in Maihar.

o   Krishn Rao Pandit: Vocalist, representative of Gwalior Gharana Gayaki.

o   Ustad Amir Khan: Renowned  vocalist of Khayal tradition of Indore.

o   Bhavani Prasad Mishra: National poet and Gandhian philosopher from Hoshangabad.

o   D.J. Joshi: Great modern painter from Indore.

o   Bal Krishna Sharma 'Navin': Freedom  fighter, veteran editor and poet from Shajapur.

o   Dr. Shiv Mangal Singh Suman: Renowned educationist, progressive poet from Ujjain.

o   Dr. Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar: Famous  archaeologist,  Kala Guru from Ujjain.

o   Pt. Makhanlal Chaturvedi: One of the prominent  freedom  fighters, national poet from Khandwa.

o   Kumar Gandharva: Eminent vocalist of Khayal Gayaki, known for innovations in classical music from Dewas.

o   Abdul Latif Khan: Sarangi player from Bhopal.

Tourism

TOURISTS' DELIGHT - INVESTORS' PRIDE

Oh, fine Ujjain! Gem to Avanti given,

Where village ancients tell their tales of mirth And old romance!

Oh, radiant bit of heaven, Home of a blest celestial band whose worth Sufficed though fallen from heaven, to bring down heaven on earth!

- Poorva Megha - 32 "Meghdootam"

This is the beautiful description of the Pradesh in the 4th century AD classic "Meghdootam" by legendary  Sanskrit poet Kalidas.

Such is the beauty of Madhya Pradesh that has been attracting  travellers since aeons. And the present  Madhya  Pradesh has not only maintained its pristine beauty as it was years ago but has also added a great deal to it for  today's  travellers.  Its  natural settings beautified by hills, forests,  rivers, rich heritages,   exciting wild life   and  cultural diversity make it a land of many splendours.

Madhya Pradesh is resplendent with the hill ranges of the Vindhyas and the Satpuras and is green throughout. The landscape is made lucid by its rivers,  whose names have the sound of water in them - Narmada, Tapti, Shipra,  Betwa, Chambal,  Sone and many others,   carrying   their own  legends and history   with   them.   So  interlaced   with meandering  rivers,  hills,  lakes and forests, Madhya Pradesh has a varied natural setting of mesmerising beauty.

Jungles are opulent here and have a unique and exciting panorama  of wild life. Bandhavgarh in Rewa district has hoisted to world fame for its phenomenal  and solitary asset :  the white tigers.National  Parks of Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Shivpuri, Panna and several  others  offer  rare opportunities  to have thrills of viewing life in them.

The state has celebrated the golden jubilee of its existence  in the year 2006 but it is as old as hills, witness to many civilizations. History has dotted it with distinguished  marks in the shape of numerous monuments, right from rock shelters to exquisitely architectured Forts, Palaces, Temples, Stupas and innumerable other monuments.

Here is a look at some magnificent places which make Madhya Pradesh glitter on the Tourist map.

Khajuraho

Khajuraho stuns the world with its temples of sculptural splendour. Built by the Chandelas, a Rajput clan between 950 to 1100  AD,   these  temples are  nonpareil, representing some most exquisite specimens of Hindu architecture and sculpture.  The temples are India's  unique gift to the world. Here, the male-female statues in  pairs,   chiseled in  postures of divine union scale the zenith of sculptural art. They  are a paean to life, to love, to joy, per fect   in   execution    and  sublime   in expression. They were built in a truly inspired burst of creativity. Today, only 22 temples of the original 85 survive, which constitute one of the world's  great artistic wonders. Architecturally  too,  they are unique,  being very different from the temple prototype of their period. Each stands on a high, masonry platform with a marked upward direction in the structure, further enhanced  by vertical projections to create the effect of grace and lightness. Each of the chief compartments is surmounted  by its own roof,  grouped   so that the highest is in the centre, the lowest over the portico, a highly imaginative recreation  of the rising peaks of the Himalayas, the abode of gods.

Built during the classic period of Chandela's history, these temples  are made completely of sandstones, brought from the quarries of Panna on the east bank of the Ken river. The stone blocks were fitted together as the use of mortar was not known. All the temples of Khajuraho pertain to a cognate style and a distinctive  architecture  and variously belong to  the Saiva, Vaishnava  and Jain sects. The exceptions are the three temples of Chausatha Yogini, Brahma and Lalguan- Mahadeo,  which are constructed  partly of granite and partly of sandstone. All temples are grouped in three geographical divisions, Western, Eastern and Southern.

Monuments of   Khajuraho    are   a  World Heritage Site  under  the  Archaeological survey of India.

How to reach;

 Regular flights are available from  Delhi, Bhopal,  Raipur and Mumbai. Khajuraho  is now railhead  in the map of Indian Railways. Other nearest railheads are Harpalpur (99 km), Satna (120 km) & Jhansi (175 km).  It is well connected by roads.

Mandu

"The remnants and ruins of Mandu are better than those of Rome, and should attract tourists from all over the world", remarked Jawahar Lal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India, after visiting Mandu. The State Government is determined to redeem these famous words of a great man of India.

Besides its monuments, natural surroundings and history, what sets Mandu apart from other medieval cities is the tale of love and devotion going beyond the confines of royalty and religion. Mandu celebrates the romance of the gallant king of Malwa, Baz Bahadur with Rani Rupmati of unparalleled beauty and grace.An enchanting reservoir known as Rewa Kund stands witness to their legendary love story.

All over this place are spread ruins of Afghan architecture. The Central Group of monuments includes;

·        • Hoshang Shah's Tomb

·        • Jami Masjid of Mandu

·        • The Ashrafi  Mahal

·        • Baz  Bahadur's Palace

·        • Rani Rupmati's Pavilion 

·        • The Nilkanth Shrine

·        • Nilkanth Mahal

·        • Jahaz Mahal

·        • Hindola Mahal

Another Tourist attraction is the Echo Point. The Lohani cave and temples  associated,  Sunpoint, near the caves.

How to reach ;

The nearest  airport for Mandu  is at Indore (100 km), connected to Mumbai, Delhi and Bhopal. The nearest railheads are  Ratlam (124  km)   on  the Mumbai-Delhi main line, and Indore  (100 km).

Chachai Falls

Created by the waters of the Bihad river in Sirmaur Tehsil of Rewa District, this is one of the most beautiful waterfalls of India. The water of this 115 meter deep and 175 ft. wide fall cascading from the 500 ft. altitude creates an impression of thin fog on and around the spot and the spectators are mesmerized by its boundless beauty. It is 45 km away by Road from Rewa.

Patalkot

This place is a nature's topographical wonder. It is a 1700 ft. deep valley situated in Chhindwara district and is a home to Bharia tribe. Patalkot is highly alluring for the people on the outside because of its geographical and enormous scenic beauty and the mystic world inside. The natives here are still very close to nature and living in a comfortable balance between their own and the outside world. The place is 78 km. away from Chhindwara.

Bhimbetka

Over 600 rock  shelters  belonging to the Neolithic age  have  been  discovered at Bhimbetka. Here, in vivid, panoramic  detail, paintings in over 500 caves depict the life of the prehistoric  cave-dwellers,  making the Bhimbetka group an invaluable archaeological  treasure in  the  history of human race.  Bhimbetka  has become an UNESCO world heritage site.

Out of hundreds  of caves with paintings some  12-15 are open  for visitors. In spite of the unique values of Bhimbetka this site is still less popular among tourists.

In   1957, Indian   archaeologist    Dr.  Vishnu Sridhar   Wak ank ar   noticed    some  ver y impressive landscape  from the window of train, south from Obedullaganj. There were spectacular giant rocks and entrances in caves.

These caves contained  not just  stone artefacts from prehistoric age but a lot more : the walls and ceilings of caves were covered with paintings.  Later Wakankar  and his students copied the drawings accurately and presented  them in international conferences in France and United States. The real  value of  this discovery  though was realised later, in 1970s when more archaeologists visited Bhimbetka.

How to reach;

Bhimbetka is 40 km away from Bhopal on Bhopal-Hoshangabad road and Bhopal is linked with all major cities like Delhi-Gwalior-Indore-Mumbai  by all means of transportation.

Pachmarhi

It is a lovely hill-station in the evergreen Satpura Ranges and is at an altitude of 1067 metres. Pachmarhi enjoys excellent weather round the year. Its most enchanting features, however, are its great natural beauty and its air of tranquillity and solitude. According to legends, Pachmarhi is named after the ancient rock cut caves, where the five Pandava brothers are said to have taken refuge. The discovery and development of Pachmarhi in 1857 by Cap. Forsyth has, however, turned it into a wonderful retreat. Pachmarhi offers park like woods and glades for quiet walks, shady bridle paths that ribbon through the wooded landscape and lead to breathtaking views at the edge of the plateau, a profusion of streams and waterfalls that collect into cool pools for bathing, the challenge of rugged hills for rock climbing. Another special attraction is the splendour of the red sandstone scarp that reflects fantastic shades of mauve and violet at dusk. Together with this, Pachmarhi offers comfortable inexpensive tourist accommodation and facilities that include a golf course, a recreation centre with a skating ring and a school of oriental music.

Major Tourist Attractions at Pachmarhi;

·        • Priyadarshini Point

·        • Water Falls

·        • Shrines

·        • Jatashankar

·        • Rock Shelters

·        • Dhoopgarh

·        • Pandava Caves

How to reach;

Nearest airports are Bhopal (210  km) & Nagpur (259 km).   Most convenient  railhead is Pipariya (53 km) near Itarsi on the Mumbai-Howrah line. By road, it  is  connected with  Bhopal,  Nagpur, Hoshangabad and Pipariya.

Sanchi

One of world's famous Buddhists' pilgrimages, Sanchi is known for Stupas, Monasteries, Temples and Pillars dating from the 3rd century BC to the 12th century AD. Sanchi is also a World Heritage Site. Buddhists' Stupas at Sanchi were built by the Mauryan Emperor Ashok. The life of Lord Buddha is inscribed on the arches of Stupa gates.

Following are the major attractions at SANCHI.

 • Great Stupa No. 1

 • Stupa No. 2

 • Stupa No. 3

 • Ashokan Pillar

How to reach;

This world famous monument is just 45 km away by road from state capital Bhopal.

Around Sanchi

           • Udaygiri Caves

           • Gyaraspur

One of the lesser known but important monuments are the temples at Gyaraspur.

Bhopal

Beautiful Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, is situated in picturesque setting, around two magnificent lakes. The city is literally the heart of India and casts an unusual spell on the visitor right from the moment one arrives. Historical monuments, old mosques and palaces, lakes, well laid out gardens and parks, bustling market places of the old and the new city are a feast in store for tourists.

The city Bhopal was named after its founder Raja Bhoj. The famous 10th century ruler of Paramara dynasty, who is believed to have built the big lake of Bhopal. The glorious city was destroyed in 15th century by Sultan Hoshang Shah of Malwa. The existing city was built by Dost Mohammad Khan, a Afghan Governor who seceded from the Mughal empire after Aurangzeb's death and established his own dynasty - the Nawabs of Bhopal a royal family that continues to this day.

Bhopal was also ruled by two efficient women rulers namely Sikander Begum (1857-1901) and Shah Jehan Begum (1901-1926). Shah Jehan Begum, the great queen and the eighth ruler of Bhopal, built many magnificent monuments in the city and is credited with Bhopal's postal system, railways and waterworks. Bhopal today presents a multi-faceted profile, the old city with its teeming market places, fine old mosques and palaces which bear the aristocratic imprint of its former rulers and the new beautifully planned city with wide avenues, parks and gardens, government buildings and residential areas which are functional, practical and aesthetic. The city is also a perfect base for visiting Sanchi, Bhimbetka and Bhojpur.

Following are the most Prominent Tourist Places in Bhopal.

 • Taj-ul-Masajid
 • Bharat Bhawan
 • Jama Masajid
 • Shaukat Mahal and Sadar Manzil
 • Gauhar Mahal
 • Upper & Lower Lakes
 • Van Vihar National Park
 • Indira Gandhi National Museum
 • Man Manav Sangrahalay
 • State Archaeological Museum
 • Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque
 • Laxminarayan Temple
 • Aquarium

How to reach;
Bhopal is linked with Delhi, Gwalior, Indore, Mumbai, by regular  air, rail and road services.

Bhojpur

About 28 km south-east of Bhopal, Bhojpur is famous for the Bhojeshwar Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple which has earned the nomenclature of the Somnath of the east, owes its origin to the 11th century Paramara King Raja Bhoj.

The partially completed Bhojeshwar Temple is a simple square with sides of over 66 feet. The richly carved dome, though incomplete, has a magnificent, soaring strength of line and is supported by four pillars. The lower doorposts are plain while the columns and upper sections inside are richly carved.

How to reach ;

Regular fights available from Delhi, Gwalior, Indore and Mumbai to Bhopal which is 22 km from here. Major trains from Mumbai to Delhi via Itarsi and Jhansi also pass through Bhopal.

Gwalior

This ancient capital city has been a cradle of great dynasties and a living heritage of heroism. The antiquity of the city can be traced back to 8th century, when Suraj Sen, a chieftain, founded the city and named it after Gwalipa, a legendary saint who cured him of a deadly disease. Gwalior, the city of palaces, temples and monuments witnessed the rule of great Rajput clans like Pratiharas, Kacchwahas and Tomars. Its tradition as a royal capital continued until the formation of independent India, with Scindias having their dynastic seat here. This is also the land of the prodigy of Hindustani classical music, the great Tansen. The magnificent mementos of a glorious past have been preserved with care that make Gwalior unique and timeless.

Following are the most Prominent Tourist Places in Gwalior.

• Fort
• Man Mandir Palace
• Teli Ka Mandir
• Shasbahu Ka Mandir
• Gujari Mahal Museum
• Tansen's Tomb
• Tomb of Ghaus Mohammad
• Jai Vilas Palace
• Jai Vilas Museum
• Memorials, The town is dotted by memorials of earliest freedom  fighters like Tatya Tope,

   Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi and several Scindia princes. All these are reminders of a proud   

   past and signify Gwalior's place in the nation's roll of honour.
 • Kala Vithika and Municipal Museum
 • Sun Temple

How to reach;
Gwalior is linked with Delhi- Bhopal-Indore -Mumbai by regular air services and is also well linked by railways.

Chanderi

The town has a large fort, built during the Mughal period. There are several monuments of the Malwa Sultans and the Bundela Rajputs. The old Chanderi town is dotted with numerous Jain temples dating back to 9th and 10th century, which attract thousands of Jain pilgrims. The picturesque town surrounded by hills, lakes and forests is also known for the fine sarees and brocades.

How to reach; 

Chanderi is 127 km from District Shivpuri.

Orchha

The ancient city is still untouched by present times and retains the medieval aura. The magnificent fort complex houses spectacular palaces and temples. The important ones are Jehangir Mahal, Raj Mahal, Rai Praveen Mahal, Ram Raja Temple, Chaturbhuj Temple, Laxminarayan Temple etc. These palaces and temples were built during the 16th and 17th centuries and are marvels of architecture. These are adorned with beautiful murals of the Bundela S.

How  to  reach;

Regular Indian   Airlines    flights connect Gwalior, which is the nearest airport,  with Delhi, Bhopal, Indore  and Mumbai.  It is located on the main Delhi - Mumbai and Delhi - Chennai  railway lines. Nearest railhead for Orchha  is at Jhansi (19 km) in Uttar Pradesh.

Indore

The name Indore is derived from Indreshwar temple built in 18th century. Situated in the heart of the Malwa plateau, it was given to Malhar Rao Holkar by the Maratha Peshwas. Planned and built by Rani Ahilyabai, the brave Holkar queen, Indore lies to the extreme west of the state. It used to be the capital of Holkar dynasty and has an important historical background. Thus,the city has some interesting monuments associated with the medieval Holk ar dynasty.Formerly a major textile trading centre, today's Indore is a thriving city,developing in economic,social and cultural spheres so much so that it is termed as Mumbai of Madhya Pradesh.It has witnessed a remarkable industrial growth and has rightfully acquired the name the commercial capital of the state Being a major centre of economic activity Indore offers every one from big industrialists and manufacturers to wholesalers and retailers, from renowned hotel groups to small food caterers to grow and prosper.Fast food hangouts, glitzy shopping malls, multiplexes and discotheques have all fashioned Indore into a metro city.

Pithampur, called Detroit of India where a large number of automobile industries are based, is situated near Indore. A number of hospitality groups have established their five-star and seven-star hotels in Indore. It is an entry point for important tourist places like Ujjain, Dhar, Mandu, Omkareshwar & Maheshwar.

Following are the most Prominent Tourist Places in Indore.

·        Rajwada

·        Bade Ganpati

·        Lal Bagh Palace

·        Chhatri Bag

·        Kanch Mandir

·        Central Museum

·        Gandhi Hall

·        Annapurna Temple

How  to  reach;

Indore is situated on Agra- Mumbai national highway and it is 186 km from Bhopal. There are regular flights for Indore from Delhi, Mumbai, Gwalior & Bhopal. It is a terminal railway station. Indore is directly connected with Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Gwalior and Bhopal by train.

Dhar

It was the capital of Paramara kings, of whom Raja Bhoj is the best known. The city came under the Muslim influence during the rule of Delhi Sultanate. The architecture in Dhar reveals a combination of Hindu, Afghan and Mughal styles. The image of goddess from Bhojshala temple of Dhar is now displayed in the British Museum, London.

How to reach;

Dhar is 60 km away from Indore and regular flights are available for Indore from Delhi-Gwalior-Bhopal-Mumbai.

Caves Of Bagh

The Caves of Bagh, christened after a neighboring village of that name, are situated at a distance of 97 km. from Dhar among the southern slopes of the Vindhya hills. The cliff side, in which they are excavated, rises some 150 feet above the Bagh river, and is remarkable as being the only outcrop of sandstone in an otherwise basaltic region. Above the sandstone, however, is superimposed a deep band of claystone, and it is probably to the excessive weight of this band, and to a moisture percolating from it that most of the damage in the caves is due. The caves extend over a frontage of about 45.72 metres, but are not all contiguous.

Omkareshwar

Omkareshwar is set on the confluence of the rivers Narmada and Kaveri. Omkareshwar has one of the twelve Jyotirlingas enshrined in the temple of Omkar Mandhata amidst beautiful surroundings. This medieval temple was built in Brahmani style and is encircled by the river Narmada and its stream Kaveri. The architecture of the temple is magnificent. Gouri-Somnath temple, Siddhanath temple of the island & one cave of Adi Shankaracharya are other spots of significance here.

How to reach;

The nearest  air station  is Indore which is at a distance of 77 km from here.  For Indore  flights  are available  from Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal & Gwalior. The nearest railway station is Omkareshwar on the Ratlam-Khandwa section.

Maheshwar

Maheshwar is a beautiful town on the banks of river Narmada. Its old name is Mahishmati. Devi Ahilya Bai established it as capital place of Holkars. Maharani Ahilya Bai built a beautiful for t and ghat here, Ahilya museum, the temples of Kaleshwar, Raj- Rajeshwar & Vithaleshwar, Peshwa ghat and canopy over the grave of the members of Holkar family are worth visiting. Boating from Ahilya ghat to Sahastradhara, at a distance of 3 km is a thrilling experience. Maheshwar is famous for its silk and cotton sarees.

How to reach;

90 km  from  Indore  this place  can  be  tracked via  Indore-Ujjain- Khandwa-Omkareshwar  road.  The nearest railway station Barwah is 39 km from here.

Ujjain

It is located on the banks of river Shipra and is one of the oldest and holiest of Indian cities. Formerly, a centre of learning, Ujjain is sanctified with the memories of Sandipani Rishi, great poet Kalidas, King Vikramaditya and Emperor Ashok. It is the venue of grand Kumbh Mela, held once in twelve years. One of the principal places of pilgrimage of the country, Ujjain finds mention in Vedas, Puranas, Ramayan & Mahabharat. It is the seat of one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of the country.

Following are the most Prominent Tourist places in Ujjain.

·        Sandipani  Ashram

·        Mahakaleshwar Temple

·        Harsiddhi Temple

·        Bade Ganeshji Ka Mandir

·        Gopal Mandir

·        Chintaman Ganesh Temple

·        Mangalnath Temple

·        Jantar Mantar( Astronomical Observatory)

·        Kaliadeh Palace

How to reach;

Nearest airport is Indore, 58 km  from  here and regular  flights  are available to  Indore from Delhi, Gwalior, Bhopal  and Mumbai.  Ujjain is on Bhopal- Nagda sector of the Western.

Jabalpur

Jabalpur is considered to be the cultural capital of Madhya  Pradesh. It has a collection of historical, archaeological and natural places.

It is also a major administrative and educational centre. The spacious cantonment area is dotted with unusual number of schools and colleges. Antiquity of the town can be traced back to Mahabharat era. Jabalpur was the pleasure resort and capital of Gond Kings during the 12th century and was later the seat of Kalchuri dynasty. It is also the most convenient base to visit the famous Kanha (173 km) and Bandhavgarh (194 km) National Parks.

Following are the most Prominent Tourist places in Jabalpur.

·        Marble Rocks at Bheraghat

·        Madan Mahal Fort

·        Sangram Sagar and Bajnamath

·        Rani Durgavati Museum

·        Dhuandhar Fall

·        Chausath Yogini Temple

·        The Samadhi of Rani Durgavati

·        Devtal

·        Pisanhari Ki Madiya

·        Tripuri

How to reach;

It is well connected by roads and by air with Delhi, Bhopal, Gwalior and Raipur. It is a main rail-head on the Mumbai- Howrah via Allahabad main line.

Amarkantak

Amarkantak, the source of the river Narmada, one of the holiest rivers of the country is full of natural beauty.  Kalidas,  the great  Sanskrit  poet, has depicted    in   his   literature   the  beauty of Amarkantak.   Besides   the  source  of   river Narmada,   Mai Ki Bagiya, Kapil Dhara, Dugdha Dhara,   Water    falls   are   wor th  seeing. Narmada Udgam Mandir, a temple built at the source of the river Narmada, is one of the  holiest places in  India.  Annual 'Shivaratri'   and 'Nag Panchmi' fairs celebrated here attract thousands of pilgrims.

How to reach;

Amarkantak   is 575 km  from  Bhopal,  245 km from   Jabalpur.   The  nearest railway station is  Pendra Road from where it is 50km.

'Deep Daan' in the Divine Narmada

'Narmada  Jayanti' is a festival that symbolises  the devoutness of the people of Madhya Pradesh towards  this pious river. For the people of Madhya Pradesh, the Narmada is not just a river but also a mother that has been nurturing them and their lands for ages.

The festival, falling on 30th January, marks the birthday of the river and is celebrated with extravagant fervour in Amarkantak, from where the river originates and also at its several other bathing ghats in the state including that of Hoshangabad.

The most remarkable of this fete is the way people release lighted lamps in the holy river as offerings of the prayers.

WildLife Wonder's

When it comes to wildlife, Madhya Pradesh is immensely blessed. One among very few states in India, which have the richest variety of flora and fauna, Madhya Pradesh is a veritable delight for nature lovers and holiday makers. This is the magic of the woods that beckons people here again and again. It is here that one has the most spectacular sightings. In these parks, the moments are memorable and the experiences unforgettable.

Equally delightful are the opportunities for investors here. Madhya Pradesh is making careful and judicious use of its wildlife resources for the growth in tourism sector. With different facilitation and investor friendly policies, the state is keen to have private ventures for furthering its growth. So whether you are a traveler or an investor, the state welcomes you from the heart.

Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve

Situated in the eastern stretch of the Vindhyan Ranges it is 5-hour drive from Khajuraho and 165 km away from Jabalpur. Earlier, the forests around Bandhavgarh were maintained as a Shikargah or the game preserve of the Maharaja of Rewa Bandhavgarh is famous for tiger sighting.

Tiger Reserve

The Tiger Reserve covers an area of 1536.93 sq km with a core area of 716.90 sq km dominated by extremely rugged terrain with many hills. Many hills and hillocks dot the area amidst valleys, meadows and marshes. One can also visit the remains of 200 years old Bandhavgarh Fort and around it are cave shrines with ancient Sanskrit inscriptions dating back to 1st century BC. At the centre of the park is Bandhavgarh hill. Surrounding it are a large number of smaller hills separated by gently sloping valleys. Bandhavgarh tiger reserve has a number of old tanks, water holes to provide for water sources and Charanganga river is the prominent river flowing through the park. With tropical dry and moist deciduous forests interspersed with grasslands, the vegetation is chiefly of sal forest in the valleys and on the lower slopes with bamboo found in abundance almost throughout Bandhavgarh has a good relative abundance of tigers and other wildlife species. Among mammals chital, sambhar, barking deer, wild dog, leopard, wolf, jackal, sloth bear, wild pig, langur, monkey are seen occasionally. Reptiles include cobra, krait, viper, python, chameleon etc. The reserve is also rich in birds. Some 250 species of birds are found in the park. The common ones are egret, jungle crow, peafowl, grey hornbill, red wattled lapwing, crested serpent eagle, quails, owls, parakeets, common teal etc. The Tala range rich in water and food resources harbours most of the wildlife.

How to reach;

The airports at Khajuraho (237 km) and at Jabalpur (195 km) serve as a good base to visit Bandhavgarh. Nearest railway stations are at Jabalpur (195 km), Katni (100 km) and Satna (120 km) on the Central Railway and Umaria (33 km) on South Eastern Railway. Buses and taxis are available to visit the park from Jabalpur, Katni, Umaria etc.

Kanha Tiger Reserve

Kanha was constituted into a National Park in 1955. Today, it is rated by conservationists as one of the best maintained parks in Asia. Kanha's grasslands, sal groves and bamboo forests are a heaven for wildlife. The tiger roams free in Kanha National Park, which forms the core of Kanha Tiger Reserve created in 1973. The Reserve is also the only habitat of the rare hardground barasingha.

With all the astonishing diversity in its wildlife spectrum, Kanha is best known as the habitat of the tiger. The most picturesque place nestled in central Indian Highlands is situated in the districts of Mandla and Balaghat. It has a long history of conservation and prides itself for being one of the oldest sanctuaries of the country since 1935. Kanha has niched a place on world tourist map. Besides tigers, barasinga is the jewel of Kanha and this rare animal once on the threshold of extinction is now abundant in numbers in its natural habitat in Kanha.

The Tiger Reserve encompasses an area of 2051.74 sq km comprising 917.43 sq km core, 1134.31 sq km buffer zone and 110.74 sq km of satellite minicore of Kanha. In the core area of the Tiger Reserve, human activities are restricted and this is where the elusive tiger can be viewed roaming about.

Banjar and Halon rivers flow through the park, of which Halon is perennial. A number of tanks, dams, constructed are also the major source of water supply for the wildlife. The forest cover inside the park is largely tropical moist deciduous type. Kanha has about 22 species of mammals. Some of the inhabitants of the park are species of deer and antelope like chital, sambhar, barking deer, barasingha, black buck, nilgai, and gaur. Other residents include the sloth bear and other predators are wild dog, jackals and the striped hyena.

Some 300 species of birds inhabit the park which include peafowl, egret, black ibis, warbler, green pigeons, eagles, falcon, tree pie etc. Water birds can be seen near the park's many rivulets and pools. The ideal time to visit Kanha would be the period between February and June. The park is closed from 1st July to 15th October in the monsoon season.

How to reach;

Kanha is accessible by road from the town of Mandla and Jabalpur. Khatia (3 km from Kisli and 68 km from Mandla) towards Mandla and Mukki (82 km from Balaghat) towards Balaghat and Sarhi (150 km from Jabalpur) are the three entrance points to the tiger reserve. Jabalpur (168 km) is a convenient rail head. Nearest airports are located at Jabalpur and Nagpur (170 km). There is a daily bus service available for Kisli and Mukki from Jabalpur and back. Tourists are permitted into the tourism zone of the reserve between sunrise and sunset.

Pench Tiger Reserve

Named after the river Pench, the Pench Tiger Reserve is located in the southern reaches of the Satpura hill ranges and was constituted in 1992. It is on area of 1179.362 sq km out of which 411.33 sq km is the core area of the reserve. The river Pench meandering through the park divides it between Chhindwara and Seoni districts.

How to reach;

The Pench Tiger Reserve is 12 km away from Khawasa town on NH 7 between Nagpur and Jabalpur. Nagpur is the nearest rail head and airport. Khawasa is just 80 km from Nagpur on NH 7, Jabalpur is 203 km from the park. It is situated enroute to Kanha from Nagpur.

Panna Tiger Reserve

Located amidst the sylvan settings of the north central part of Madhya Pradesh, the tiger reserve is spread over an area of 1578.55 sq km within the districts of Panna and Chhatarpur. Once the hunting reserve of the erstwhile rulers of Panna, Chhatarpur and Bijawar States, Panna National Park was constituted in the year 1981 and declared a tiger reserve in 1994. Of the total tiger reserve area of 1578.55 sq km, Panna national park has an area of 542.69 sq km, Gangau Wildlife Sanctuary 87.53 sq km and Ken Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary at a distance of about 30 km from Panna national park, an area of 45.20 sq km. The world famous temple town of Khajuraho is just 25 km and a mere half an hour drive away.

The main forest types found in Panna Tiger Reserve are southern tropical dry teak forest and northern tropical dry deciduous mixed forest. Other types include dry deciduous scrub forest, Salai (Boswellia seratta) forest, dry bamboo brakes and kard hai (Anogeissus pendula) forest. Tendu, Aonla, Ber, Bel, Ghont, Kaitha, Achar etc. make valuable fruit diet of the animals here. Several varieties of grasses are found all over and the reserve is rich in fodder.

The life line of the park, Ken river meanders for about 55 km through the tiger reserve from south to north. Springs and gorges along the course of Ken river offer magnificent sights. Springs (locally called jhirias) are the major water sources available during the months of summer.

Sightings of Tiger is reported. Leopard is more common. One can easily see nilgai and chinkara in most open areas. The wooded areas are dotted with sambhar, chital and chousingha. Sloth bear is mostly found in the rock escarpments. The other animals include jack al, hyena, rhesus monkey, langur and wild pig. More than 200 species of birds including a host of migratory birds have been sighted in the park . The avifauna include paradise flycatcher, pond heron, partridges, quails, pea fowls, parakeets, egrets, mynas, bulbul, cuckoo, jungle crow etc.

Common reptiles comprise lizards, chameleon, Indian python, cobra and kraits. Aquatic animals include crocodile and a variety of fish is found in Ken river. Gharial, a rare & endangered species, can be seen in the Ken Gharial Sanctuary. Madla and Hinouta are the two entry gates to the park. The park is closed between 1st July to 15th October and the best time to visit is between December to March. The management does not provide any transport facility inside the park, but private vehicles can be hired at Panna (7 km from park boundary) and Khajuraho. Jeep/minibus/wagon are also allowed.

How to reach;

Khajuraho is the nearest airport which is just 25 km from Madla gate of the tiger reserve. Khajuraho and Satna (70 km) are the nearest railheads.

Satpura Tiger Reserve

Satpura Tiger Reserve is cradled in the rugged hills of the Satpura range in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh. The Tiger Reserve is spread over an area of 2133.30 sq km together with wildlife sanctuaries of Pachmarhi and Bori. Rich in biocultural diversity, the Satpura national park was established in 1981 and harbours some of the critically endangered animal and plant species. Pachmarhi, the important hill station of the state is also located within the area of Pachmarhi wildlife sanctuary. Dhoopgarh (1352 m) the highest peak in Madhya Pradesh is also located inside the park. The terrain is generally hilly with precipitous slopes, deep and narrow gorges, ravines, sheltered valleys and dense forests with many water falls.

The area is unique on account of the biological diversity of different forests ranging from dry thorn forests to tropical dry deciduous, moist deciduous and semi evergreen forests. Teak, sal and mixed forests are the major compositions. The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is rich in Bamboo. Over 1200 varieties of flowering and non-flowering plants are found in this area. Some of them are very rare and endangered species which only grow in Pachmarhi plateau, an area percolated by deep gorges with perennial streams. The park area supports a rich wildlife. The Tiger is found in good number but is confined to dense forest areas. Leopards are found all over the park. Other endangered species found in the reserve include Indian bison (gaur), Indian giant squirrel and the chameleon. Sambhar, chital, chinkara, mouse deer, barking deer are also present. Nilgai, chausingha, langurs, wilddog, jackal, common fox and jungle cat are found throughout the reserve. Sloth bear and wild pig are also frequently seen in the park.

Water bodies of the reserve have crocodiles and are rich in fish fauna. The area has a wide spectrum of bird life. Among the birds represented are jungle fowls, quails, partridges, bee eaters, parakeets, egrets, eagle, myna, bulbul, malabar pied hornbill and vultures. One is also attracted by a large variety of colourful butterflies, moths and other insects. Madai, Churna, Bori, Dhal and Paraspani are some of the areas for viewing wildlife.

Of great archaeological interest are more than 130 rock shelters with rock paintings depicting battles, hunts, animals, ceremonies and routine daily life of the people, found all over the park in the Pachmarhi plateau. Some of these are estimated to be over 10,000 years old. Also present are several ruins of temples and fortifications dating back to 4th and 15th century when the area was inhabited by the Gond tribe. The best time to visit the park is between November and June. The park is closed during the monsoon.

How to reach;

The national park is easily accessible by road from Bhopal (210 km), Jabalpur (240 km), Nagpur (250 km) and Chhindwara (85 km). Pipariya (52 km) is the closest railhead and Itarsi is the closest rail junction. Pachmarhi is the closest bus stand and the gateway to this reserve.

Madai - a Splendid Panorama

Tawa reservoir created on the Tawa river extending over an area of 200 sq.km is the main water source along with channels of Sonbhadra, Malini, Denwa and Nagdwari rivers in Satpura National Park. The spot at Madai Forest Guest House makes a splendid place for leisure and recreation with rare scenic beauty and tranquil surroundings. Here the animals like sambhar, chital, deer, black buck, langurs and many others can be seen in proximity. Tigers and leopards are found all over the park. Other species found in the reserve include Indian bison (gaur), Indian giant squirrel, chameleon, chinkara, mouse deer and barking deer, nilgai, chausingha, jackal, common fox and jungle cats. Sloth bear and wild pig are also seen throughout the park. Water bodies of the Tawa reserve have crocodiles and are rich in fish fauna. The area has a wide spectrum of bird life. Among the birds seen are jungle fowls, quails, partridges, bee eaters, parakeets, egrets, eagle, myna, bulbul, malabar pied hornbill and vultures.

How to reach;

Madai is about 115 km away by road from Bhopal and can be approached via Hoshangabad and Suhagpur.

Madhav National Park

Located north of Shivpuri, the Madhav national park, is one of the oldest national parks in Madhya Pradesh. Established in the year 1955, originally it was the royal hunting reserve of the Maharaja of Gwalior. The total area of this park is 354.61 sq km.

In the year 1918, Shri Madhav Rao Scindia of Gwalior constructed dams on the Manihar river creating the Sakhya Sagar and Madhav lakes which at present are the only large water bodies supporting the park besides several other nallas and springs.

The Leopard is the commonly sighted carnivore in this park. Other carnivores include wolf, jackal, hyena and wild dog. The Madhav National Park has a very high concentration of spotted deer, chinkara and nilgai and also wild boar. Also seen are sambhar and chousingha. The artificial lake, Sakhya Sagar, is home to various species of birds including migratory birds like Demoiselle cranes, spotbill, pelicans, spoonbills, barheaded geese, shovellers, etc. Cobra, common krait and Indian python are occasionally sighted. The two lakes are rich in fish fauna. Entry to the park is open throughout the year.

How to reach;

Gwalior is the nearest airport whereas Jhansi is the nearest rail head. The park is easily accessible from Shivpuri and Jhansi as it is located on Agra-Mumbai (NH-3) and Shivpuri-Jhansi (NH-25) national highways passing through this park.

Fossil National Park

Located between the Kanha and the Bandhavgarh national parks in the Mandla district, the site is rich in fossils, said to be around sixty million years old. These fossils have helped to unfold the mysteries of the evolution process of plant kingdom and animals. Ghughva, the main site of the fossil park is about 6.84 acres in extent along with three other associated sites, Umaria-Silther (23.02 acres), Deori Khurd (16.53 acres) and Barbaspur (21.35 acres).

It is very rich in large fossil trunks, fossil fruits and a variety of quartz stones. Fossils of Hyphaene seen in Ghughva- a variety still living in the African continent, further suggests that once India was a part of the African continent. Four km away from Ghughva, near the village Umaria, a good number of fossils are also seen at Umaria- Silther. At Deori-Khurd (9km from Shahpura) and Barbaspur (2 km from Manikpur) site fossilized trunks are also seen in standing position. In Mandla district, many sites of the fossils are found and most of the paleobotanical antiquated relics belonging to the Deccan intertrappean series. Fossils have always facilitated the scientific understanding of our old civilization.

How to reach;

The nearest airport and rail head to visit the unique site is Jabalpur (76 km) and the park is open throughout the year.

Van Vihar National Park

In the heart of the capital city Bhopal, on a hill adjacent to the Upper Lake, Van Vihar national park is located in an area of 445.21 hectares. In natural habitat, a variety of herbivores and carnivores are managed in line with the modern concept of Zoo Management.

The carnivores include tiger, white tiger, leopard, hyena and sloth bear. These animals are kept in captivity in large enclosures. It also harbours free ranging animals like chital, sambhar, black buck, blue bull, chousingha, common langur, rhesus monkey, porcupine, hare etc. The park also houses gharial, crocodile, turtle and a number of snake species.

The Upper Lake on the south west boundary attracts a variety of migratory birds during the winter. About two hundred species of birds have been sighted in the park. Some of the migratory birds that have been frequently sighted are pintail, spotbill, barheaded goose, spoonbill, painted stork, open billed stork and purple heron.

How to reach;

The park in the heart of Bhopal is about 5 km each from the railway station and the bus stand and is open throughout the year.

Forest

§  Forest Produce

§  Innovative Measure

§  Encouraging Private Participation

§  Herbal Hub

§  Special Package for Herbal Industry

§  Circle Wise Forest Area

§  Major Medicinal Plants available in Madhya Pradesh

§  Commercial Plantation Scheme

Madhya Pradesh is one of the most blessed states of India in terms of natural resources including rich and diverse forests, Forests cover about 30.72 per cent of its total area of 3.08 sq km (i.e., 94,689 sq km).

This significant resource of the state is being conserved and harnessed through innovative measures like community participation and decentralisation. The state has been a pioneer in making forestry people-oriented with 15228 Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) involved in protection and management of about 70% of the forest area. People are the real dwellers and the real caretakers of the forests and, thus, are made the beneficiaries of the dividends of this field. Forests and forest produce based industries make an important contribution to the economy of the state. Owing to economic importance of forest wealth, efforts are being made for the systematisation of the trade of forest produce in the state. The state takes care of the trade of nationalised forest produce viz., Tendu Leaf, Sal Seed and Kullu Gum. In addition, a number of forest produce like Aonla, Harra, Lac, Achar, Mahua etc. are also being collected & traded through a network of Cooperative Societies. Aonla, Gum, Tendu Leaf, Sal seed, Harra and various medicinal plants of Madhya Pradesh are in great demand in national and international markets. Tendu leaf collection activities alone account for an income of about Rs. 145 crore every year to the forest dwellers.

Teak and Sal forests are the pride of the state. The Forest Department and the Forest Development Corporation have done extensive teak plantations during the last few decades. The dense forests of teak lie in Jabalpur, Seoni, Balaghat, Panna, Sehore, Dewas, Hoshangabad, Harda, Betul, Sagar, Chhindwara and Mandla districts. Similarly, the Sal forests are mainly located in Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat, Sidhi, Umaria, Anuppur and Shahdol districts.

The geographical and biotic diversity of the state is well reflected in its 18 forest types ranging from thorn-forests to subtropical hill forests. The state is divided into 9 natural regions and 11 agro-climatic zones.

Classification of Forests;

·        • Reserved Forests

·        • Protected Forests

·        • Unclassified Forests

In the state, protected forests constitute 31098 sq km of the total forest area. Reserved forests are spread over 61886 sq km and unclassified forests cover an area of 1705 sq km.

The density of forests is not uniform in the state. Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Betul, Seoni, Chhindwara, Shahdol, Harda, Sheopur, Sidhi are some of densely forested districts. The forests of the state mostly lie in the southern and eastern belt; Sheopur and Panna being the notable exceptions.

As per Champion & Seth Classification, the state has 18 forest types which belong to three forest type groups, viz. Tropical Moist Deciduous, Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn Forests. Percentage-wise distribution of forest cover in different forest type groups found in the state on the basis of the forest cover assessment is as below :-

Sr.No.	Forest Type Group	Percent Forest Cover
1	Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests	8.97%
2	Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests	88.65%
3	Tropical Thorn Forests	0.26%

The Forest Circles/Divisions

Madhya Pradesh has been divided into 16 forest territorial circles, 9 National Parks and 25 sanctuaries. The forest circles comprise of 63 forest  divisions.  Each agro-climatic  zone has a  research extension unit.

Forest Produce

Timber- Bamboo

Every year the state produces more than 2.5 lakh cubic meter of timber,  two lakh cubic meter of fuel wood and about 65 thousand notional tonnes of bamboo.

The  'Teak'   ( Tectona grandis)   timber   of Madhya Pradesh is world famous for texture, colour and grain qualities. It is best suited for furniture making and house construction.

About MPMFP Federation

The State Minor Forest Produce  Federation at Bhopal was established in 1984. It is the nodal  agency for  the production  and processing of non timber forest  produce. It is the apex co-operative  body comprising 61 District  Co-operative  Unions and 1066 Primary Co-operative  Societies  all over the state.

The Federation  is continuously  striving  to empower the village level institutions through  various schemes and activities.  A number of  projects funded by  various departments of the Government of M.P. and Government of India are being implemented by the Federation in the areas of conservation, cultivation & processing of NTFPs.

Tendu Leaf

The state produces about 25 lakh standard bags of tendu leaves  every year,  which is about 30% of the national production. The state has a monopoly over collection  and trade of  tendu leaves.  The collection of tendu  leaf provides employment to about 15  lakh people during the hot summer season when employment   availability  in agriculture  is low. Tendu leaf collection operations  yield an income  of about Rs. 145 crore every year to the forest dwellers.

Other Minor Forest Produce

The state has trade monopoly over sal seeds and kullu gum with an annual production of about 1200 tonnes and 300 tonnes respectively. The production  potential of Mahua and Aonla is 6000 tonnes and 5000 tonnes respectively.

Besides being a pioneer in herbal production  and processing,  the State of Madhya Pradesh has also taken a lead in the utilization and value-addition of many other minor forest  produce.  Lac is one such produce,  which is becoming popular not only in India  but also in the International market.

Innovative Measures

The production  of natural fiber like sisal and sabai is also gaining momentum.  Honey, Aonla Murabba and  Sharbat, Ayurvedic medicines etc.,  are some of the fields in which the village level groups  have made good progress. Encouraged  by these successful  initiatives a Centre of Excellence for  Processing,  Research  and Training  has been set up at Bhopal. By the name of MFP- Processing and Research Centre (MFP- PARC),  this is GMP and ISO-9001:2000 certified unit of the Federation and is now manufacturing  more than 200 Ayurvedic medicines,  besides processing wild honey on a large scale. To provide an umbrella, all value added items are being marketted under the brand "Vindhya  Herbals".  It  is expected that in the coming years, about 25,000 new job opportunities  will be created in  Non Wood Forest Produce (NWFP) and allied sectors.

High Tech Plantation  Scheme has been introduced  aiming at the production  of high quality timber with a short rotation of the economically  viable species such as teak, bamboo, etc.

Lok Vaniki Mission has been formulated for the management of the tree clad areas of the individual farmers for the twin benefit of the environment and economic betterment of the people.

People's Protected Area (PPA) – An initiative to enrich the forest  areas with medicinal plants by facilitating  in situ conservation and ex situ propagation  involving people. This is proving to be an extremely important tool for socio - economic upliftment of the forest dependant communities.

Encouraging Private Participation

The investment opportunities in the sector are many and the state has opened them up for private enterprise.

The state is encouraging ecotourism and adventure tourism in and around National Parks, Sanctuaries and other forest areas. About 50 such potential sites have been identified for development. List can be seen at MP State Eco-tourism Development Board's website.

Areas of Private Participation

• Contract farming initiatives with farmers for production of medicinal and aromatic plants.

• Contract marketing initiatives with Primary MFP Cooperative Societies.

• Setting up big processing units for Timber, Bamboo, Paper and NWFP in the state.

• Collaborative manufacturing under agreed specifications.

Herbal Hub

Madhya Pradesh has been the main source of raw material to the processors of various herbs throughout the country whether based in Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi or Kolkata. Needless to say that today huge demand of Indian herbal industry is met out by the herbal collection centres of Madhya Pradesh situated at Shivpuri, Betul, Katni, Neemuch etc. These centres together meet about 40% demand of the country. The natural occurrence of most of the herbs blended with mass scale cultivation of many herbs has made Madhya Pradesh the herbal hub of the country. From being a raw material bowl of the herbal industr y, Madhya Pradesh is all set to become the main processing centre for several herbal products. Taking it as one of its thrust areas, the Government has taken several measures to invite investments in the her bal processing sector.

Madhya Pradesh has a lot to offer to the potential investors in the herbal sector.

·        • Of  the 131 agro  climatic  zones of the country, 11 fall in Madhya  Pradesh. It is a natural  habitat for over 50% of the herbs used in the pharma industry.

·        • Abundant availability of raw Herbs.

·        • Abundant land available for cultivation of various Herbs.

·        • Large scale cultivation  of a number of species has already been started which can further be increased to a mass scale, as there is plenty of fertile land available.

·        • Cheap land  available  for  Industrial Operations.

·        • Well connected by rail, road and air.

·        • Single window clearance system for Drug license.

·        • Preferential allotment of land in Industrial areas/growth centers.

·        • Trained staff/manpower available.

·        • Viable Herbal Processing Industries.
 

On the basis of raw material (cultivated as well as wild) available in the state, a number of herbal processing industries can be successfully started in the state. A few of these could be;

1.    • Aloe Vera gel extraction and spray dried powder manufacturing units.

2.    • Units to  produce extracts of  various Herbs.

3.    • Fractional distillation units for value addition in essential oils.

4.    • Various   Ayurvedic drugs formulation units.

5.    • Production of concentrates and extracts from flowers.

6.    • Production of food and vegetable colours and dyes.

7.    • Primary processing of raw Herbs.

8.    • Isabgol Dehusking units.

9.    • Herbal Cosmetics.

10.  • Units to make Perfumery Compounds.

11.  • Expeller units (production of Bio-diesel and Neem oil etc).

Special Package for Herbal Industry

Along with the many facilities and concessions  available to industries in the state, following special package will be available to the herbal industries.

In order to bring about qualitative improvement in the pharmaceutical industries, a unit can be reimbursed the fee paid by it on hiring technical services for getting the certificate for Good Manufacturing  Practices  (GMP) as per the norms laid down by the World Health Organization (WHO).  The  amount  of reimbursement would be 50% of the total fee with an upper  limit of Rs. 11 lakhs per project.

With the objective  of promoting export, small scale entrepreneurs  of the herbal industries will be given financial assistance to participate in the International Trade Fairs and Exhibitions.

Registration fee chargeable by the importing  industries  for  import of herbal products will be reimbursed to the extent of 25% by the State Government. This reimbursement  will be in addition  to the amount of reimbursement extended by the Central Government.

Since most of the Herbal and Ayurvedic Products  manufacturing  units are likely  to be located in advanced districts of the state like  Indore   and Bhopal etc.  Hence the Government  has decided to extend the facilities of interest subsidy, capital investment subsidy etc. in these districts as well.

These will  be similar  to the facilities applicable in case of backward districts In  respect  of the existing  and upcoming herbal parks, herbal and ayurvedic industries, the relevant provisions of the labour laws applicable in Special Economic Zones as declared by the State Government under its Notification No. F-28-38-01, 16B(i), B(ii), B(iii), B(iv),  B(v) dated  19.05.03 will be applicable.

Herbal and  Ayurvedic industries   will be exempted  from  applicable  stamp duty in case of change  in the name of firm, inclusion of partners, entering into collaborations, for reorganizations and for amendment  in the lease deed for  the next 3 years.  Similarly, these industries will be  exempted from stamp duty applicable in case of entering into agreement  with financial  institutions for getting financial assistance.

Special arrangements have been made for pharmaceutical  and herbal industries  for fast track clearance from  the  licensing authority as well as from other Departments.

Circle Wise Forest Area;

Circle	Total Forest Area	Reserved Forests Area	Protected	Unclassified
			Forests	Forests
Indore	3723.61	2855.04	805.58	62.99
Ujjain	5435.45	3618.6	1811.12	5.73
Khandwa	9290.74	9098.98	164.19	27.57
Gwalior	6612.14	4618.56	1993.58	-
Chhatarpur	6431.78	786.76	5620.78	24.24
Jabalpur	9085.06	7720.64	642.07	722.35
Chhindwada	4168.65	1707.79	2446.42	14.44
Balaghat	4775.54	3798.55	976.99	-
Betul	4041.24	2853.89	699.71	487.64
Bhopal	6906.93	4076.72	2761.98	68.23
Rewa	7790.91	3784.21	4006.7	-
Shahdol	5502.74	3827.2	1660.71	14.83
Shivpuri	6859.41	3204.19	3432.86	222.36
Sagar	6010.05	4345.33	1612.59	52.13
Seoni	4348.99	3101.39	1247.6	-
Hoshangabad	3706.14	2488.64	1215.16	2.34
Total	94689.38	61886.49	31098.04	1704.85

Major Medicinal Plants available in Madhya Pradesh

Botanical / Hindi Name

Acorus Calamus (Buch or Sweet Flag)	Aegle Marmelos (Bel)
Aloe Vera (Gwarpatha)	Andrographis Paniculata (Kalmegh)
Asperagus Racemosus (Satawar)	Azadiracta Indica (Neem)
Chlorophytum Borivilianum (Safed Musli)	Cymbopogom Martini (Lemon Grass)
Cymbopogon Flexuosus (Lemon Grass)	Cymbopogon Winterianus (Java Citronella)
Cyperus Rotundus (Nagarmotha)	Embelia Ribes (Baibidung)
Emblica Officinalis (Aonla)	Gymnema Sylvestre (Gudmar)
Jatropha Curcus (Ratanjot)	Ocimum Basilicum (Tulsi)
Phyllanthus Amarus (Bhui Amla)	Plantago Ovata (Isabgol)
Rauwolfia Serpentine (Sarpagandha)	Terminalia Arjuna (Arjun)
Terminalia Belerica (Baheda)	Terminalia Chebula (Harra)
Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy)	Vetiveria Zizanioides (Khus)
Withania Somnifera (Aswagandha)

Commercial Plantation Scheme

Commercial Plantation Scheme aims to increase forestry production by creating plantation of species of higher economic value such as teak and bamboo for use of industrial and commercial purposes. Madhya Pradesh State Forest Development Corporation has undertaken plantations on 2,22,275 ha.

School Education

New Destination for Quality Education

Education is the key to any kind of development and progress. Nothing can be achieved meaningfully in absence of education. It plays a vital role in improving the living standards of people and enhancing their quality of life through building capabilities and skills for better employment oppor tunities. I ncreased literacy level leads to higher productivity, improved health and social development and promotion of greater equity through opportunity creation. It empowers people and enables them to think and take decisions on their own.

Increase in the literacy level and development of a skilled workforce is helping Madhya Pradesh in improving quality of life. In today's changing world, there is an increasing need for highly educated and skilled professionals. It is imperative for the state to make available opportunities of education to its people at all levels. At the same time it is important to ensure that everyone completes their basic education with quality and has opportunities for higher education and acquiring advanced skills.

Much progress has been made in the field of education in Madhya Pradesh. The literacy rate has increased from 64.11% in 2001 (All India - 65%) to 70.63% (All India 74.04%) in 2011.

The target of enrolling all the children from 6 to 14 years of age has almost been achieved. In the year 2011, Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) has been 98.88% for the primary level (class I to V ) and 99.27% for the upper primary level (class VI to VIII). Dropout rate has also come down. It is now 8.2% at primary level and 7.4% at upper primary level. Madhya Pradesh is laying more emphasis on improving female literacy. The state aims at becoming an educated state and not merely a literate state by developing a learning society as opposed to a schooling society. The Government of Madhya Pradesh, therefore, is focusing on providing quality and relevant education opportunities to all and is emphasising more and more on employ ment oriented and skill development courses. In this sector, too, the Government is very keen to have private entrepreneurs in the state who can contribute to translating these objectives into reality.

The Right to Education Act has came into force on 1st April 2010, legalising the right to free and compulsory schooling for all children between the ages of 6 and 14. The Act places the onus on the governments and local authorities to provide schools and teachers and other facilities as per the norms and standards laid down.

A society or a state will be able to develop to the maximum when each and every individual in the society can grow to his/her potential. For a person to achieve his/her potential, he/she has to be educated. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 enjoins upon the state governments and local bodies to ensure that each and every child in the age group of 6 - 14 years completes at least elementary education.

Literacy Status

A summary of the literacy profile of the State of Madhya Pradesh is given in the table below.

	Literacy Rate (2001)	Literacy Rate (2011)
Male	76.8	80.5
Female	50.2	60

School Education

Schools in Madhya Pradesh
Government Primary Schools	83412
Aided Primary Schools (Private)	852
Unaided Primary Schools (Private)	12533
Government Upper Primary Schools	28479
Aided Upper Primary Schools (Private)	410
Unaided Upper Primary Schools (Private)	14773
Total High Schools (Including Private)	6636
Total Higher Secondary Schools (Including Private)	5211

	Govt. Primary School	Govt. Upper Primary School
Teacher in Position	191368	74552
Enrolment	6804712	3315843
Pupil-teacher Ratio (Private)	35.6	44.5

The Government is committed to universalising elementary education in the state. The focus is on providing better infrastructure,improving quality of education,improving access to education and encouraging community participation.

o   State has almost achieved the target of universalisation of access to primary and upper primary schools as per the provisions of the Right to Education Act, 2009.

o   Decision has been made to establish a high school within a distance of 5 km in the coming years.

o   Efforts are on to ensure the availability of required amenities in all schools within 3 years as per the provisions of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsor y Education Act, 2009.

o   Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is now a vehicle to implement the RTE Act.

The Salient features of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act.

o   Free and compulsory education to all children in the six to 14 years age group.

o   No child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass a board examination until completion of elementry education.

o   If a child above six years of age has not been admitted in any school or though admitted, could not complete his or her elementary education, then, he or she shall be admitted in a class appropriate to his or her age; provided that where a child is directly admitted in a class appropriate to his or her age, then, he or she shall, in order to be at par with others, have a right to receive special training.

o   For the purposes of admission to elementary education the age of a child shall be determined on the basis of the birth certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act, 1856 or on the basis of such other document, as may be prescribed. No child shall be denied admission in a school for lack of age proof.

o   A child who completes elementary education shall be awarded a certificate.

o   Positioning of teachers as per laid down pupil-teacher ratio.

o   Minimum 25 percent admission to children from disadvantaged group and weaker section in Class I in unaided private schools.

o   Provides for good quality education.

o   School teachers will need professional degree within five years or else will lose job.

o   School infrastructure to be improved in three years.

o   Financial burden will be shared between the States and the Central Government.

Madhya Pradesh was among the few States of the country which notified the Right to Education Rules within one year of the commencement of the RTE Act. A RTE Cell has been constituted at the state level to monitor the implementation of the provisions of the Act.Information Technology tools are being used for monitoring and to bring transparency in the system.

Quality Initiatives

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 makes it mandatory that education of quality is facilitated with equity, equality and by a child-friendly approach for all round development of children. Relevant sections in the Act (24, 29 and so on) make it clear that there is a need in the education sector to revamp the approach to learning among children, to ensure that the Act is fully implemented. The Act comprehensively provides the essentials which the school system needs to fulfil under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Programme. Further whether it is the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 or the RTE Act or National Curriculum Frame work for Teachers Training (NCFTE) 2010, the need to ensure education with equity and equality is the central theme. The following activities are being carried out in Madhya Pradesh to enforce learning level of the children :-

Pratibha Vikas Programme

Dakshata Samwardhan Programme had been taken up under Learning Enhancement Programme (LEP) in the state. The programme has been improved and developed on the basis of RTE and Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) norms and renamed as Pratibha Vikas Programme.This now includes scholastic and co-scholastic areas. Pratibha Vikas Programme ensures that every child attains minimum level of competencies of their standard within prescribed time limit. Following are the objectives of this programme;

o   All children to be able to read, write & attain their subject knowledge by the end of academic year.

o   All children to achieve basic literacy and numeracy skills/competencies & subject knowledge that are expected.

o   Develop reading habit and to make children as independent readers.

o   Establish effective monitoring system to focus on quality classroom transaction and pupils' achievement on a continuous basis.

Salient features of Pratibha Vikas Programme

Following are the highlights of improved areas as included in this programme;

o   Basic competencies in languages Hindi & English.

o   Competencies related to Mathematics- understanding of numbers, place value, expanded notation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, unitary method and fraction.

o   In class 4, evaluation will be based 75% on basic competencies and 25% on the basis of learning from textbooks. For class 5 this percentage shall be 50-50%.

o   The assessment of Social Science in classes 4 and 5 will be month wise and at school level. Ÿ All subjects at class 6 & 8 level will be assessed on the basis of the content given in the textbooks.

o   Question Bank is being developed for the support of teachers in order to get an understanding of how relevant questions can be framed.

o   Worksheets have been prepared for the use by children for primary classes, whereas those for Upper Primary classes are under development.

o   All subjects at class 6 & 8 level will be assessed on the basis of the content given in the textbooks.

o   Question Bank is being developed for the support of teachers in order to get an understanding of how relevant questions can be framed.

o   Worksheets have been prepared for the use by children for primary classes, whereas those for Upper Primary classes are under development.

Activity Based Learning in Primary Schools

Activity Based Learning (ABL) approach is expected to not only improve the quality of classroom transaction but also address the issue of multi level classrooms. Under the ABL approach competencies have been divided in small units further coming together as milestones. These milestones are placed in Learning Ladders. Learning Ladders have been developed for each subject for classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 BL has been implemented initially in 4000 primary schools in 50 districts of the state. Now one block in each district has been covered under the progamme. ABL approach initially taken up for classes 1 and 2 for all subjects viz. Hindi, English and Mathematics and now extended to class 4. As a result following changes were successfully introduced in classroom processes.

o   Children have freedom to learn at their own learning pace.

o   There is no gap in learning continuum if the child is absent for some days from the classroom and the pressure of lagging behind or recovering the left out course is not there among the children.

o   Children learn by doing activities.

o   Children learn as per their own levels.

o   Multi grade and multi level teaching has been possible.

o   Joyful learning has been possible due to learning through interesting activities and play.

o   Inbuilt system of evaluation has led to absence of fear of examination.

o   Teacher has opportunity to focus on children needing more attention.

o   Burden of school bags could be done away with.

o   More opportunity for the children for practice.

o   Peer group learning could be increased.

o   Abundant Teaching Learning Material and ensured use of the same.

o   Child-friendly classroom processes and environment.

o   Teachers are better aware of the learning difficulties of each child milestonewise.

Active Learning Methodology (ALM) in Upper Primary schools

Active Learning Methodology is primarily based on concept/thematic teaching maps and the content area reading approaches such as SQ4R (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review and Reflect). ALM is expected to have widespread impact on all the subject areas taught in the Upper Primary Schools (Language/Mathematics/Science and Social Studies ).ALM has been developed based on the state context.

The method is aimed at improving the education quality in Standards 6 to 8. This approach enables children to make conceptual/thematic link ages and is expected to enhance their understanding of concepts. The difference between the ALM in the state and other places is basically that thematic/concept maps are used for lesson plans for teachers and these also serve as 'Advance Organizers' for children to enhance their conceptual understanding. A whole gamut of content area reading approaches are used to support this. ALM was introduced in 500 schools across the state in the first phase & now expanded to three blocks in each district.

Some Major Programmes

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

The main objectives of SSA are;

o   Enrolment of all children to school.

o   Retention of all children till the upper primary stage.

o   Bridging of gender and social category gaps in enrolment, retention and learning.

o   Ensuring that there is significant enhance ment in the learning achievement levels of children at the primary and upper primary stage.

Universalising Access

o   State Government's policy for providing primary schooling facility within the distance of 1 km of each habitation on availability of 40 children in the age group of 6-11 years.

o   Upper primary schooling facility within the distance of 3 km of each habitation on availability of at least 12 children who have passed Class 5.

Strategy for out of School

o   Specific strategies have been taken up to enrol all children in schools through "School Chalein Hum", mobilisation campaigns, media campaigns, awareness programmes. It has resulted in the significant increase in Gross and Net Enrolment Ratio.

o   Never enrolled and dropped out children are admitted at age appropriate classes and special training is being provided to them to bring them at par with other children of the classes.

o   In 2011-12 a total No. of 1.26 lakh children were found out of school. To make them competent according to their age special trainings were organised.

o   Residential Special Training Centres - These Centres have been started at sub- block level, specially, where out of school children are in large number and for those children who can not complete their studies at local level due to their person problems.

o   Non Residential Special Training Centres– These Centres have been started where children can complete their studies at local level.

Universal Retention Strategies

o   Incentives to attract children - Free text books to all children, 2 sets of uniforms to all children, distribution of bicycles to the children enrolled in class VI if there is no school in his/her habitat.Scholarship Scheme to socially and economically weaker sections, Mid day meal.

o   Motivation to SMCs - Sampoorn Shikshit Gram Yojna.

o   To improve achievement levels of children - 100% enrolment, regular attendance.

o   For attaining 'A' category (90% students acquiring the minimum defined learning levels) - Rs. 5000 per class.

o   For attaining 'B' category (80% students acquiring minimum defined levels of learning) - Rs. 2500 per class.

School Chalein Hum (Let's go to school)

In light of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009, Madhya Pradesh Government has started the School Chalein Hum Campaign to make sure that the message of importance of education reaches every family and person, so that all parents send their children to school. A public movement has been started in the form of School Chalein Hum where all the sections of society actively participate in the campaign to ensure that all children are admitted to school and remain regular. The major activities of School Chalein Hum campaign are;

o   Door to door contact campaign. The survey includes all children from age group 0 to 14.

o   Slogan writing.

o   Preparation of Village Education Registers / Urban Ward Education Registers for data collection and identification of school going/out of school children.

o   Enrolment drive for all eligible children focusing on back to school strategies for Out of School Children.

o   Organisation of Shiksha Chaupals.

o   Identification of never enrolled and drop out children.

o   Cleaning of schools, making them attractive - Hamari Shala Sunder Shala.

o   Media campaigns.

o   Praveshotsav.

o   Distribution of text books.

o   Distribution of cheques for Uniforms and Bicycles.

Mid Day Meal Scheme

o   The objective of the scheme is to boost universalisation of education by increasing enrolment, retention and attendance and simultaneously impacting on nutrition of students in school. Hot cooked Mid Day Meal is served in all government primary and upper primary schools.

Special Focus on Gender Equity

National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL)

Objectives

o   Develop and promote facilities to provide access to elementary education for girls.

o   Facilitate retention of girls in schooling system.

o   Ensure greater participation of women and girls in education.

o   Improve quality of education.

o   Stress upon the relevance and quality of girls' education for their empowerment.

NPEGEL has been implemented in 280 educationally backward blocks.

Interventions under NPEGEL to address following issues:

o   Reduce Gender gap.

o   Increase access through girls hostels.

o   Lifeskill Education.

o   Additional incentive of School Uniforms.

o   Awards to Schools - Award is given to one school in each cluster, which has significant achievements in the field of learning outcomes of girls. Award is given based on achievement level of girls.

o   Model Cluster Schools - One school in cluster is selected for developing as 'Model Cluster School for Girls'.These are the schools, which have more number of enrolled girls belonging to SC, ST, OBC, and minority categories. Girl- child friendly elements in the form of teaching learning equipment, books, games & sports material, etc. are introduced in these schools.

o   Girls Hostels – Girls hostels have been opened as a special strategy for ensuring retention of girls at upper primary level. Besides factors rooted in the family or socio cultural milieu of girl child, distance to schools and the associated threats to security have been reasons for low GER of girls at elementary level. Thus, the girls hostels have been opened to address the issues. Currently, 239 hostels under NPEGEL are benefitting 16415 girls and 81 hostels under SSA are benefitting 5635 girls.In all, a total of 320 hostels are functional and 22050 girls are benefitted from this strategy.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya

Special focus on SC-ST Girls.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas are residential schools which cover hard to reach girls especially the deprived ones belonging to the SC, ST, OBC community and minority groups. This is an intervention for girls residing in small and scattered habitations far off from the nearest school. At present, 207 KGBVs are running in the state. Approximately, 26898 girls are enrolled in the KGBVs.

Use of Innovative Technologies

Computer Aided Learning Programme (CAL)

Computer enabled education is a major priority of the State Government. The state in the year 2000 initiated a computer enabled education programme for school children called "Headstart". The programme uses computer as a teaching-learning tool at elementary education level.Initial studies conducted on Headstart indicate substantial improvement in student achievements and also increase in the number of first division pass outs. Interactive Multi-Media Rich Lessons (IMMRLs) and video films for students and teachers have been developed by Rajya Shiksha Kendra to suppor t teaching-learning process in classrooms. The IMMRLs developed by RSK are being used by some of the other Hindi speaking States of India and some NGOs.

Establishment of New ICT Labs

New computer labs shall be set up in selected upper primary schools. These labs will be fully furnished for impar ting computer enabled education and learning in peer groups.

Edusat Classrooms

The process of providing ROTs to about 500 schools is underway. With MHRD's proposal to start a 24x7 channel specifically for schools, using the existing transmission under RGPEEE, the schools shall have the option to install satellite receiving stations in their schools.Programmes to be beamed from CIET-NCERT and RGPEEE shall be made available to schools. The school shall be selected on the basis of better infrastructure, availability of teachers and proper security. The schools shall be both Headstart and non-Headstart schools.

Training of Teachers in CAL

The provision for training of Headstart teachers is also a part of the in-service training component. Training courses are organized for all the teachers working in Headstart Centres. This training is in the area of CAL, operating software, pedagogy of CAL and management of computer centres. These training courses are organized at district and block levels.More than 6000 teachers have been trained.

Internet

During the year 2009-10, Internet facility was provided to 800 schools where the facility was available under USOF scheme. During the year 2012-13, an effort shall be made to provide I nternet facility to Headstart schools where broadband facilities are available from BSNL ( Wired and Wireless).

System has been implemented to improve effectiveness of various schemes.

Monitoring & ICT Enabled Initiatives with (www.educationportal.mp.gov.in)

o   Periodic data collection, review and management at district and state level.

o   Regular periodic reviews through meetings and Video Conferencing.

o   Concurrent & Internal Audit.

o   Improvement in quality of District Information of School Education (DISE) data for optimisation and rationalisation of available resources.

o   Tele Samadhan.

o   Online Monitoring System - All Inspecting officers can enter the details of the inspections carried out by them.The problems related to absent teachers, short attendance, textbook related problems reported by the inspector are made available to the concer ned authority for necessary follow-up action. state-level/district-level/block-level and school-level analysis and monitoring of various types of issues/problems and follow-up action taken by the concerned authority.

o   Online childwise tracking system for out of school children.

o   Registration of out of school children with their profile.

o   Continuous tracking of follow-up efforts made by the concerned authorities for their enrollment and mainstreaming.

o   Common public can also report an out of school child for mainstreaming.

o   More than 1.5 lac children have already been registered and are being actively followed up for main streaming.

o   Analysis of reasons for OOS.

Awards

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT ) enabled monitoring tools in Education has been appreciated at different levels. Following awards have been received for portal http://www.educationportal.mp.gov.in/

o   "Gold Icon"National E-Governance award by Govt. of India, DOPT & DIT.

o   Best IT project under Masses category for Excellence in e-Governance initiatives for year 2008-09 by State Government of Madhya Pradesh.

o   CSI Nihilent e-Governance Awards 2008-09 for recognizing e-Governance Initiatives in India under Department Category.

o   The child-wise data of class 1st, 6th & 9th is being captured. In coming years, the complete child-wise data will be captured and child tracking system will be implemented.

o   Manthan South Asia e-Governance Award-2009 for effective public service deliveries through innovative IT applications.

o   Best e-Governance Project Award by PC Quest.

Age Old Art & Culture

The land of Madhya Pradesh is steeped in distinctive traits of art and culture. The time of yore has witnessed the flourishing of majestic traditions of art, music, literature, architecture, philosophy, paintings and so forth here. Glorious temples, magnificent palaces, divine poets like Kalidas, Bhartrihari, Bihari, musical masters like Tansen, Baiju Baora, political prodigies - Vikramaditya, Raja Bhoj, Rani Durgawati and Ahilya Bai and many more are the pride of Madhya Pradesh.

Madhya Pradesh has always preserved its rich heritage. The classical tradition of music and dance has been customary here. The state has made outstanding contributions in rare arts. Playwrights like Satyadev Dubey and Habib Tanvir music prodigies like Dagar, Asgari Bai, Amjad Ali Khan are the ones this state is identified with.

Madhya Pradesh is known as the Heart of India not only for its centre position but also for its cultural vividness. In every part of it, different and rich traditions of music have been developed. Gwalior is considered as one of the important centres of the Indian music.

It is the place of Tansen's devotion to music and the birthplace of Dhrupad too. Khyal was also refined here. The oldest Madhav Music School is located here. It was started under the guidance of Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande in 1918. Soaked with the love-stories of Rupmati and Baz Bahadur, Malwa inspired the devotees of music. Pt. Ravi Shankar and Ustad Ali Akbar Khan are among his disciples. From the Marangachary Nana Saheb Panse to the Dagar brothers, many great musicians belonged to this land. Ustad Amir Khan and Kumar Gandharva are the sons of this land. Whatever Ustad Allauddin Khan has given to the Indian music is history by itself.

Like other arts painting too has been a part of the life in Madhya Pradesh. There is an old tradition of drawing and painting. The great painters like D.J. Joshi, Syed Haider Raza, Narayan Shridhar Bendre, Vishnu Bhatnagar, Maqbool Fida Hussain, Amrit Lal Vegad and Kalyan Prasad Sharma are the contributions of Madhya Pradesh on the canvas of painting.

Promotional Institutions

Many organisations and institutions have been formed for the development, preservation and research of the activities related to culture and art in Madhya Pradesh.

Kala Parishad

It was established in 1952. This organisation is working as an academy for music, dance, drama and fine arts.

Sahitya Parishad

Founded in 1954, Sahitya Parishad organises creative critical literature meets, talks and conventions for the protection and encouragement of Hindi literature in the state.

Urdu Academy

This Academy has been giving the financial aid to poor Urdu poets and literary societies for the encouragement and protection of Urdu literature since 1976. The Academy arranges financial help for the publication of Urdu books, and libraries for Urdu books.

Bharat Bhawan

Established in Bhopal on 13th February, 1982, Bharat Bhawan is a multidimensional arts centre for nurturing interactional proximity among literary and stage artists. The aim of Bharat Bhawan is to give shelter to the best creations of permanent significance which are being played in cities, villages and jungles. Bharat Bhawan is situated on the sloping rocks on the banks of the upper lake in Bhopal. It is worth seeing for even its architecture and setting.

Charles Correa is the architect of this building. The sections of Bharat Bhawan are - Rupankar, Vagarth, Rang Mandal, Anhad, Ashram and Nirala Srijan Peeth.

Kalidas Academy

The objective of this Academy is to organise lectures, research, talks, training for dance and music, art exhibitions, traditional dramas, displays based on folk arts, music and dance. It was set up in 1977. It also does the job of publication and research.

Ustad Allauddin Khan Music Academy

It arranges programmes like Allauddin Khan lecture series, rare Vadya Vinod, Chakradhar Festival, Kathak Prasang, Allauddin Khan Memorial Music Festival at Maihar, Amir Khan Festival at Indore etc.

Lok Kala Parishad

The aim and work of this art council is to survey and document the tribal art and cultural traditions.

National & State Level Awards

The Culture Department of Madhya Pradesh Government has founded some national and state level annual awards to honour art in its various forms and set new national standards in the field of art and literature.

Kabir Award

This award was founded in 1986-87 to honour poetic genius in the field of Indian poetry. Any Indian language poet can be honoured with this award. The amount of this award is Rs. 1,50,000. This is given away to the poets of Kannada, Bangla, Punjabi, Hindi, Marathi and Gujrati languages.

Tansen Award

Tansen award was founded in the year 1980 and carries Rs. 1,00,000. Tansen award is presented every year for Hindustani classical music, during Tansen Samaroh at Gwalior.

Kalidas Award

It was established in 1980-81. In this award, Rs. 1,00,000 and a citation is presented in the fields of classical music, classical dance, theatre and visual art.

Tulsi Award

Tulsi award was founded in the year 1983-84 to honour adivasi/folk and traditional arts. Within a period of 3 years, this award is given turn by turn, twice to theatre and once to visual arts. In this award, the recipient gets Rs. 1,00,000 along with a citation.

Lata Mangeshkar Award

Lata Mangeshkar award, started in the year 1984-85 to honour excellence in the field of light music. In any language singer, instrumental player and music composer gets the award turn by turn. Under this award, Rs. 1,00,000, along with a certificate of appreciation, are given to the recipient. This annual award is given generally on or around 4th of December that is, on Lata Mangeshkar's birthday, in Indore.

Iqbal Award

This was established in the year 1986-87 to honour creative writings in Urdu literature. This award carries Rs. 1,00,000, along with a citation.

Kumar Gandharva Award

Kumar Gandharva award was founded in the year 1992-93 to encourage creativity among youth in the field of music. This honour is given to the young artistes of age between 25 and 45 years, in the field of classical vocal and instrumental. The award carries Rs. 51,000 and a citation .

Maithilisharan Gupt Award

This award of Rs. 1,00,000 was founded in the year of 1987-88 to honour the excellence in the field of creative composition in Hindi poetry.

Sharad Joshi Award

Sharad Joshi award was founded to honour trends in writings other than those relating to literature. The award is given for essays, memoirs, repertory, diary, letter and satire writing. The award carries Rs. 51,000 and a citation.

Shikhar Award

This award was founded in the year 1980-81 to honour outstanding creativity in the fields of literature, music, theatre and visual art.

From the fields of music, dance, theatre and folk arts, one art form is chosen every year for the award. Shikhar Samman for visual arts is given to both tribal and non tribal forms of art. Generally, in a period of 3 years, one year is chosen for the Rupankar arts.

Shikhar Samman in the field of literature is given only for Hindi. The prize money of each Shikhar Samman is Rs. 31,000/-.

Kishore Kumar Award

This award was instituted in the year 1998 and is of Rs. 1,00,000. The award is presented every year for outstanding works in the fields of film direction, acting, script writing and lyrics writing. An eloquent programme is organised in Khandwa of Madhya Pradesh, which is the birth place of Kishore Kumar, for presenting this award to the recipients.

Devi Ahilya Bai Award

Founded in the year 1997, Devi Ahilya Bai award is given to female artists only for excellence in tribal, folk and traditional arts. The award carries Rs. 1,00,000 and a certificate of appreciation.

Mahatma Gandhi Award

This award is given away to organisations for their outstanding works based on Gandhian Philosophy, in the field of social upliftment. The recipient is honoured with Rs. 5,00,000, and a certificate of appreciation.

Handi Crafts

Terracota

A simple wheel, magical hands mould shapeless clay into superb forms. Terracotta, the truly fascinating art of imitating life creates traditional figurines of deities, huge elephants, serpents, birds, horses and innumerable more shapes. Terracotta in Madhya Pradesh achieves a stature quite unique in its spread, variety and mastery. The craft has been providing the society with ritualistic and useful objects.

Paintings

Folk paintings of Madhya Pradesh depict the life of its simple, religious people with vivid colours, rustic settings and emotive offerings. The spirit of worship and festivity finds repeated yet inspired expressions. The vista stretches through the fascinating wall paintings of Bundelkhand, Gondwana, Nimar and Malwa. Images from daily life find expressions through intimate details.

Glass Work

Glass work of Madhya Pradesh is at its regal best. Lucent, luminous, resplendent, lustrous and brilliant. Gleaming glasses, beaming bowls, twinkling plates and decorative articles are living poetry in crystal, beautifully sculpted by skilful hands from Madhya Pradesh.

Wood Craft

The wood craft of Madhya Pradesh unveils marvels in refinement and intricacy. Figures carved out of wood from the very small like miniaturized animals and human figures to large objects of furniture find representation in the traditional wood craft of Madhya Pradesh and its tribal areas. Images and objects from nature and real life fish, cock, warriors with bows and arrows, peacocks, horse riders, elephants, lion's head carved out of wood speak for themselves the expertise and beauty of this craft. Locally available shisham, teak, dhudhi, sal, kidar and bamboo are carved into various shapes providing utilitarian and decorative creations.

There is an ancient and rich tradition of wood craft in the tribal belts of the state. The Gond and Baigas of Mandla region use wood for constructing their homes, artistic door frames, doors, chowkies, musical instruments. Baigas continue to use wooden masks. The traditional wooden doors of the Gonds and the Korkus and the memory reliefs and the wedding pillars of the Barihaya tribe are fascinating. In the Bhil dominated area of Dhar, Jhabua and Nimar, practice of erecting memory pillars, Gatha, prevails. The containers for grinding stones and chowkies for measuring up the grains are made of wood and are beautifully carved. The doors bear the beautifully carved figures of animals, birds as well as various patterns, while knives and combs boast intricate carvings. Alirajpur and Jhabua are the two main centres to see the tribal Bhil woodcraft.

Baskets and Bamboo

Basket and mat weaving is a major craft in Madhya Pradesh because of readily available Bamboo. A variety of baskets and woven mats can be found at local haat (market) in Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara and Betul. The Toori community in Betul district weave about 50 different types of baskets which are used for various daily needs and ceremonial presentations during the festive occasions. Beautifully crafted baskets and windows of bamboo are found in Alirajpur. Bamboo and cane are used for chairs, tables, lamps and many other furniture accessories. Things made of bamboo are collectable art pieces.

Metal Craft

The metal craft of Madhya Pradesh has a fascinating range. The master craftsmen of the state have created symphonies in metal. The earlier craft was confined to utensils and ornament but later craftsmen diversified their work to include icons of locally revered deities, figures of human, animals and birds and other decorative objects.

Swarnakars of Tikamgarh who trace their origin to the city of Ayodhya, particularly known for their use of wired metal, specialise in making traditional utensils like the hukka, gudguda, kichdi ka bela and puliya. They cast folk ornaments in brass, bronze, white metal and silver and embellish them with the chunni, belchuda, muttermala, bichau, kardhona, gajra and other articles of adornment. The decorative objects include elephant, horse, thrones of Thakurji, oxen, jewellery box, door handle, betal nut cutter etc. along with figures of local deities. Tikamgarh is famed for chariots and brass horses with wheels.

Iron Craft

The story of blacksmithy is almost as old as the land itself. Scrap iron is heated on the furnance and then beaten repeatedly to craft into objects of decoration and utility. The tribal lohars (blacksmiths) of Madhya Pradesh craft iron into art. The handcrafted designs of composite decorative diyas (lamps) enchanting little birds, animals that are both traditional and contemporary just fascinate. The iron also takes forms of sankal (chain), chitkanis (latches), chhuri (knife), kulhari (axe) and delicate ornaments. With the changing time, the art is being given new interpretations to suit the tastes of the modern times. Karera in Shivpuri district is known for its artistic and fine work in iron.

Papier Mache

The Nagavanshi community artists of Madhya Pradesh particularly from Bhopal, Ujjain, Gwalior and Ratlam regions excel in the art creating from replicas of birds, to icons of deities, traditional baskets and other decorative pieces.

Stone Work

Stone carving has been an expression of the spiritual quest for the tribal artists of Madhya Pradesh. Embellished with jalli or lattice work figurines of gods and goddesses, of birds and animals of the heavenly and the earthly make one gaze in wonder.

Gwalior is a centre for stone carving (lattice work) on locally available sand stone. Kari near Tikamgarh is famous for making utensils out of multicoloured marble. Religious idols in white marble are carved at Ratlam by the migrated Rajasthani crafts persons. Shops at Bhedaghat in Jabalpur are lined with marble statues.

Major Shopping Centres

Mrignayani - Chain of government sponsored emporia a unit of the Madhya Pradesh Hastshilp Evam Hathkargha Vikas Nigam Ltd. showcase the range of the art and creations of the master craftsmen of Madhya Pradesh. The showrooms of Mrignayani in major towns of the state, metro towns and major tourist destinations in India display and sell vast and exclusive range of handicraft items, metal items, terracotta and pottery, paintings, jewellery and textile etc.

Buy life like leather toys from Shanker Ganj in Indore, variety of birds in papier mache from local shops in Ujjain, bamboo products from Betul and Ujjain, Lacquered toys from Budhni in Sehore district, lac bangles from Depalpur in Indore and Tilak Marg in Ratlam, fine iron work from Karera in Shivpuri, tribal crafts from local shops in Khajuraho, tribal jewellery from Tikamgarh, marble artifacts from Jabalpur, handmade footwear from Gwalior, fabric in tie and dye prints and batik from Indore, handmade paper at Khadi Gram Udyog in Gwalior, terracotta craft from Dhar, Indore, Ujjain and Dewas, traditional Bhopali crafts like silver jewellery, beadwork, embroidered velvet fashion purses from Chowk in the heart of the old city in Bhopal and from upmarket emporia and shops situated in New Market. Hastshilp Evam Hathkargha Vikas Nigam organises craft bazars in Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Pachmarhi and Gwalior.

Textile

Creative senses and artistic skills have been an obsession with the people of this land. The wonderful creations of the craftsmen and the diverse art forms of Madhya Pradesh have survived innumerable centuries. The mettle of iron, the solidity of wood, the brilliance of bronze, the nerve of leather, the pulp of paper all melt in the hands of craftsmen and find expressions in symphonic designs and aesthetics.

Hand woven sarees of Chanderi, Tussar, Maheshwar and works of Tie and Dye, Batik, Jewellery, Metal and Leather Craft, Terracotta, Glass and Stone work create a beautiful world of artistry.

Hand block printed fabric with figurative motifs is famous textile presentation from Madhya Pradesh. The printers or cheepas of Bagh create patterns on fabric to be used as sarees, odhnis, table clothes, bed covers and other furnishings. The traditional prints have a tonal and three dimensional effect. The Bagh river with a high copper content imparts a richness and brightness to the colours derived out of vegetable and natural dyes. There is yellow colour from turmeric, pink from pomegranate skin and indigo from none other than indigo. Resin wax and oil is applied to enable colours to penetrate fully into the fabric. The printing blocks (chhapas) are made of teak on which traditional woodcarvers create intricate designs. All along the western part of the state, Malwa and Nimar region, block printing is practised and traditional sarees as well as Chanderis and Maheshwaris are now innovatively block printed in Bagh. The block printers of Bhairongarh and Indore create the unique Batik work. The process of batik involves applying hot melted wax on soft cotton cloth. The cloth is dipped into various cold dyes and the boiling hot water is poured over the cloth. The result is a fascinating design and pattern.

Sarees

Chanderi

A practiced hand moves in a lazy mastery. Another dream comes to life. An exquisite saree finds expression.

A small medieval town of Chanderi has not only preserved the rare craft of weaving through the centuries, but has also evolved new forms and designs suited to the tastes of both the royalty and the modern women. Patronised by the nobility in the past, the weavers of Chanderi produce sarees in silk and cotton that are the very epitome of grace and splendour. Designer sarees created by weavers are connoisseur's delight and are preferred for special occasions.

The patterns of fruits, flowers, leaves and birds are evocative of intense presence of the nature. The vivid and unique colours of sarees present the sublime hues and vibrant shades of the nature in all its bounty.

Tussar

Specially grown cocoons on "Arjuna", "Safa" and "Sai" trees imbue Tussar with inimitable hues of gold, honey, cream and seige. A symbol of purity, elegance and grandeur, the Tussar sarees remained the most preferred choices during festivities. Tussar has evolved over time taking colours from its surroundings. Gorgeous and graceful, Tussar sarees are the first choice among traditional as well as modern designers.

Maheshwari

The 18th century saw the blossoming of an art form, inspired by the genius of Holkar Queen Ahilya Bai. This was Maheshwari saree an ingenious marriage of cotton with silk, embellished with zari. Its outstanding combination of strength and elasticity has found admirers all over the world. The names of motif are poetry in themselves, "Guldasta", "Ghungroo", "Mayur", "Chand Tara". The colours whisper softy. Maheshwari sarees are abiding expressions of grace and quite splendour.

Durries and Carpets

Hand woven durries and carpets are patterned with stylized motifs in a mix of contrasting colours. Mandsaur is well known for hand woven durries with geometrical motifs in subdued colour. Durries made out of rags in Satna, woolen durries of Sidhi and Shahdol and the punja durrie made by Bhils in Jobat are well established. Gwalior is an important station of carpet weaving ranging from the Persian carpet to cheaper varieties along with Morena.

Important Schemes

Pioneering Initiatives

Government of Madhya Pradesh is committed to ensuring welfare and happiness of every single citizen's life in the state. This clearly reflects in its initiatives. Lok Seva Guarantee Act, Ladli Laxmi Yojna, Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojna, Mukhyamantri Ki Panchayaten, On-line Samadhan, Beti Bachao Campaign are among the best examples of the state's initiatives towards fulfilment of its commitment. These initiatives are delivering conspicuous results and bringing out perceptible changes. So much so that they are being adopted by some other states as well.

Public Services Delivery Guarantee Act 2010

The Madhya Pradesh Public Ser vices Guarantee Act, 2010 is the first-of-its- kind in the country guaranteeing the delivery of public services to citizens in a stipulated time frame.

The "historic Act" is a reflection of the state's commitment to achieving good governance. The Madhya Pradesh Public Services Guarantee Act 2010 guarantees the delivery of basic public services to citizens within a stipulated time frame and sets in place accountability mechanisms for failure to do so. Under the Act, 52 key public services like issuing caste, birth, marriage and domicile certificates, drinking water connections, ration cards, copies of land records have been notified. A time period has been fixed for the delivery of each service. If officials fail to perform their duties and do not provide these services on time, they have to pay a fine starting from Rs. 250 per day to a maximum of Rs. 5000. The Act provides for a two stage appeals process. In the event that a citizen does not receive notified services in time, he can appeal to the first appellate authority. If the first appellate authority is negligent or if a citizen is dissatisfied with the decision, he can file an appeal with the second appellate authority. The second appellate authority has the power to impose fines and order disciplinary action against officials. Where fine is imposed on delinquent officer, the applicants are paid compensation for the inconvenience caused to them.

The path-breaking law provides an effective instrument for realizing the objectives of citizen's charter.

Act wins UNPSA award for 2012 The Act has received the United Nations Public Service Award (UNPSA) for 2012 in the category'improving the delivery of Public Services', The state bagged the prestigious award from among 483 nominations from 73 countries. The United Nations Public Service Award is aprestigious international recognition of excellence in public service.

Mukhyamantri Teerth Darshan Scheme

Mukhyamantri Teerth Darshan Scheme is yet another example of the state's sincere concerns for providing support to its citizens in every possible manner. This unique scheme facilitates visits of senior citizens of any religion to religious places of his/her choice on the State Government expenses.

Beti Bachao Abhiyan

Beti Bachao Abhiyan is an initiative taken by the Government of Madhya Pradesh under the personal stewardship of the Chief Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan.

The campaign is aimed at arresting the declining sex ratio, which is a serious problem with far reaching social ramifications and at eliminating discrimination against girls in the society.

The Chief Minister himself visited several places to meet people and motivate them to end the abominable practice of female foeticide. Many activities have been carried out under this campaign for educating people about the importance of saving the girl child for a healthy gender balance in the society.

"PANCHAYATS" Direct Dialogue with Different Groups of Society

The State Government has made its best efforts to reach the last person of the society by way of organising panchayats.

In a path-breaking and special initiative by the Chief Minister, dialogues were held with different groups of prospective stakeholders on development issues. So far 24 Panchayats have been organised : Labourers, Cycle Rickshaw Pullers, Mandi Hammals, Vendors, Fishermen, Physically Disabled, Senior Citizens, Maid Servants, Women, Farmers, Sportspersons, Students, Artisans & Small Scale Entrepreneurs, most of them at Chief Minister's official residence. A large number of significant decisions and schemes have been announced at these panchayats. It is a democratic effort that enabled people, most of them society's deprived groups, to voice their concerns, hopes and expectations, based on which, instant decisions made in their interest. This initiative has led to commencement of many welfare schemes such as - Mukhyamantri abourers' Security Scheme, Mukhyamantri Mandi Hammal Security Scheme, Urban Maid Women's Welfare Fund, Senior Citizens' Pilgrimage Scheme, Mukhyamantri Farmers' Security Scheme, Mukhyamantri Rural Housing Scheme.

Samadhan Online

As an effective means of sensitizing the administration at all levels towards resolving Public Grievances with an approach to address them with empathy, sensitivity and high priority Samadhan Online has been launched. Programme is conducted on first Tuesday of every month. All the District and Department Officials are asked to remain in the Office on that day for clarifications, if any. About 20 to 25 applications are randomly selected and sent to the concerned officials through the website on the same day of the programme for submission of the report. The report is submitted online by the concerned officials to the Office of Hon'ble Chief Minister. Hon'ble Chief Minister himself reviews the reports along with the complainant and the concerned officials through the Video Conferencing facility.

The instructions given by the Hon'ble Chief Minister are further followed up through the website. All the Districts participate in this programme through the Video Conferencing facility.

One Day Governance

Samadhan Ek Din Mein is a very innovative and pro-people programme to provide about 21 certificates sought by the applicant on the same day itself. The public has to apply from 11.00 am to 1.30 pm, after which the certificates are issued before the end of the day. If application is rejected or delayed the reason thereof is furnished to the applicants. The Collector monitors the disposal of application at the end of each day. As a result of implementation of this programme, citizens' ordeal of uncertainty in getting the certificates in hand even after spending lots of time and money has ended. It also generates revenue, increases public confidence and reduces the number of pending cases eliminating of the role of middle men.

Laadli Laxmi Yojna

This scheme was started in the year 2006 with an objective to lay strong foundation of girls' future through improvement in their educational and economic status and to bring about a positive change in social mind set towards birth of a girl. Under the scheme, National Savings Certificates worth Rs. 6 thousand are purchased by the State Government in the name of a girl every year after she is born till the amount reaches Rs. 30,000. The girl covered under the scheme is given Rs. 2 thousand on getting admission in class VI, Rs. four thousand on getting admission in class IX and Rs. 7,500 on admission in class XI.

She is given Rs. 200 per month during her studies in class XI and XII. When the girl attains the age of 21 and had not married before 18 years of age, she will be paid the amount at one time, which comes to Rs. one lakh. The benefit of the scheme is extended to the parents, who adopt family planning after two alive children and are registered in anganwadi centre and are not income tax payers.

Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojna

The scheme has been launched at the initiative of Chief Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan. The objective is to provide financial help to poor, needy, destitute families for marrying off their daughters/widows/divorcees. Under the scheme, assistance of Rs. 15,000 is given for house hold items and the mass marriage expenditure. This assistance is given in mass marriages with the condition that the girl must have attained the age of 18 years.